Pit latrines in slums have faecal sludge mixed with solid waste. These solid wastes in pit latrines are incompatible with faecal sludge treatment as they can cause blockage at treatment plants, and neither can they be ...

More than half of the global population lives in urban areas. This figure is projected to increase to 75 percent by 2050, at a growing rate of 65 million urban dwellers annually (Awumbila, 2017). Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ...