Academic submissions (CHS)
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Browsing Academic submissions (CHS) by Subject "Breast cancer"
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ItemAssessing nipple abnormalities among women who come for breast cancer screening at MAKCHS Pathology Department(Makerere University, 2018-08) Masaba, TonyBackground: The breast is a highly sensitive organ especially in the females. Many physiological and pathological processes can lead to visible morphological changes of the breast. Among these are the non-lump changes that may or may not occur simultaneously with a lump. The non-lump changes used are; nipple discharge, nipple retraction and inversion. These changes could be helpful in the early diagnosis of breast disease including breast cancer as they could be the only early indication of breast malignancy. Aim and Objective: To assess nipple abnormalities and their association with age as seen among women who present with abnormal breast changes. Methodology: This was a prospective laboratory based study conducted on 42 patients having at least nipple discharge (ND) and or nipple retraction (NR). Samples were picked both by imprint cytology for the discharge and FNA for patients who presented with lump changes in addition to ND and or NR. Slide samples were dry and air fixed, then stained with Diff Quik and Papanicolaou respectively. The slides were assessed for cytological abnormalities under X40 objective and the results entered into Excel and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results: Nipple discharge was the commonest non-lump change, affecting women between 16 years to 89 years. Thirty of the (71.4%) had ND. Twenty (47.6%) patients presented with clear ND, 5 (11.9%) with bloody ND, 4 (9.5%) with purulent ND and 1 (2.4%) presented with milky ND. One (3.33%) of the 30 women had both ND and NR occurring concurrently. Twelve (28.6%) of the women presented with NR out of which 1 (8.33%) presented with ND as well. Eighteen (42.9%) of the patients with nipple abnormalities had a malignant process, 15 (35.7%) had a benign process while 9 (21.4%) had infections. Conclusion: Though most of the patients who presented with nipple abnormalities had either a benign process or inflection, a significant percentage of these women had a malignant process. Recommendation: Patients with nipple abnormalities must be thoroughly examined, and triple assessment must be adhered to as some of these abnormalities may not present with a significant palpable lump.
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ItemPercieved risk for breast cancer and confidence in performing a breast self examination among women attending Buwambo Health Centre IV, Wakiso(Makerere University, 2018) Luwedde, Gift HadiaBackground: Breast cancer is among the commonest cancers among women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women posing a public threat. It is hypothesized that a realistic perception of breast cancer risk would motivate individuals to perform health protective behaviors appropriate enough for the respective levels of breast cancer risk, hence facilitating early detection and treatment .Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the perceived risk for breast cancer and confidence in BSE performance among women attending Buwambo Health Centre IV, Wakiso district. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Buwambo health Centre IV. A sample of 226 women were enrolled, data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both univariate and bivariate statistical analyses was conducted. Results: The mean age of women was 31.46 (8.85) and most 46.9%had attained secondary education as the highest level of education. Knowledge on signs and risk factors of breast cancer was highest on breast lumps with 148(65.5%) and heredity nature of breast cancer with 163(72.1%) respectively. Risk perception of majority was low 46% and confidence was low 34.9% for majority of the women. Bivariate analysis displayed significance relationships of confidence with risk perception, education and marital status. Conclusion: Participants were knowledgeable on signs of breast cancer but however lacked enough knowledge on most of the risk factors for breast cancer, failed to correctly display risk perception and still lacked confidence of performance. BSE performance was rather low. From this health workers are recommended to enhance knowledge teachings on content concerning breast cancer.