Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (CTX-M and TEM) drug resistant genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eschelishia coli isolates from Entebbe, Uganda.

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance rates vary globally and change from time to time. ESBLs are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing and therefore inactivating beta lactam antimicrobials such as penicillin, Cephalosporins and ESBL producing Stained exist commonly in hospitals, ICUs and the community therefore are seemingly highly prevalent among the population. Various classes of ESBLs exist though CTX-M is the most prevalent globally, followed by SHV and TEM The use of the PCR approach is supported by the fact that enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) produce specific strain patterns by amplification of repetitive DNA elements thereby demonstrating the microbial variety and functional evolutionary of microorganisms Aim: This study aimed at finding the prevalence of ESBL (CTX-M and TEM) drug resistant genes among K.pneumoniae and E.coli isolates from Entebbe Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted between October and January 2022 from clinical molecular laboratory, Makerere University College of Heath sciences. The 32 samples obtained initially had their DNA extracted following lysis, precipitation and purification. Having had the DNA extracted, the CTXM and TEM genes were amplified and visualized using agarose. Two agarose gel were eventually created, one for CTX-M and the other for TEM for analysis. Results Results from the gel indicated that 1/32(3.12%) of the DNA samples was positive for CTX-M. whereas 7/32(21.88%) of the DNA samples were positive for TEM.All isolates had at least one gene although there wasn’t any occurrence of a gene in both isolates Conclusion with reference to the results above, grossly, the identification of ESBL genes (CTXM and TEM) by molecular techniques (PCR) will give useful data about their epidemiology and risk factors associated with these infections. Therefore, ESBL producing organisms should be promptly identified for appropriate antibiotic prescription and proper implementation of infection control measures Furthermore the relatively high rates of ESBL- antimicrobial resistance show the increased multisectoral need to combat antimicrobial resistance among populations.