Comparing carbapenamase genes in e. coli isolated from clinical and environmental sources submitted to the ncbi.

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is the condition when bacteria can survive and multiply in the presence of various antibiotics. The emergence of resistance to carbapenem class of drugs has become a major global public health crisis. Bacteria have carbapenemases (beta-lactamases) that inhibit almost all beta-lactam drugs including the carbapenemases that represent the most diverse hydrolytic potential. These carbapenemases have been studied and sequenced from across the world and the different sequences have been submitted to data bases for reference during different studies. They are classified into four different classes which include, class A, B, C and D. In this study we will compare samples from different countries submitted to the NCBI to establish their relationship and the dominant class.The first step was mining of these sequences from NCBI data base and they were saved on notepad. A total number of 30 were collected plus an outgroup sequence. The data collected was represented in form of a table. Using MEGA 11 software, sequence alignment was done using clustal W to reflect charges in each sequence. Modal selection was then done and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The prevalent class of carbapenemases is class A and there is an evolutionary relationship among these carbapenemases. The tree is rooted showing they share a common ancestor. There is also a high divergence among them from the root across different countries showing the high mutation rates among these genes. The study has showed that carbapenemases are widely spread across the world and the prevalent class is A. Class B have the lowest assurance. There is also high mutation rates among the E. coli giving them an advantage and becoming more of a threat to human health hence more efforts and research should be put in antibacterial resistance among microorganisms to come up with a solution to this great problem.