Emissions properties of agricultural residue carbonized briquettes.

Abstract

The most type of energy used in cooking is biomass. This has been changed into different forms so as to provide energy to the population. This report contains information on emission properties of agricultural residue carbonized briquettes. The briquettes have been developed from rice husks of type K98 and cassava flour peelings as a binder. Rice husks were carbonized into bio-char using a step down kiln and low-pressure of <7Mpa was used in development of a hollow cylindrical briquettes. Mechanical properties of the briquettes such as drop strength and particle density were also determined. The drop strength of the developed briquettes was 67.8% while particle density was 548.15 kg/m3.Materials and carbonized briquettes were put in Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine their thermal properties such as volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon. For the briquettes, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon were found to be 16.5429%,47.4167% and 28.7585% respectively. Thermal properties such as Higher heating values (HHV) were manipulated using standard equations from existing literature. The HHV for rice husks carbonized briquettes was obtained as 19.5374 MJ/kg as Further analysis such as weight loss, burning rate and Dtg were also done. The briquettes were also analyzed using Laboratory Emissions System (LEMS) to determine emissions given out. Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbo monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) were produced in three phases of cold start, hot start and simmer phases. Result analysis in comparison with existing literature has been done in this report. High amounts of carbon monoxide was obtained during the hot start phase as 5358.093 PPM whereas high amounts carbon dioxide was obtained in the cold start during expulsion of moisture content as 1142.898PPM. Particulate matter were also in high quantities during the hot start phase as 316.193PPM.