Determinants of maize productivity among smallholder farmers in Lira District

Abstract

In Africa, maize is one of the key agricultural goods that has significantly reduced hunger and poverty. Maize is one of the staple foods on which many families in Uganda rely on for both food and income. There's a growing concern about the declining productivity of maize in the recent years and farmers are getting low profits. The study aimed to characterize smallholder maize farmers, assess the financial viability of maize production, and identify factors influencing productivity. Data from 80 randomly selected farmers were analyzed using STATA version 15, employing descriptive statistics, gross margin ratios, and multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that maize farming in Lira District was predominantly male-dominated (58.75%), with a high proportion of married farmers (70%). Financial metrics demonstrated the profitability of maize farming, with a Return on Investment (ROI) averaging 55.7%, a gross margin of 35.23%, and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) of 1.5, affirming its potentially lucrative nature. Key determinants of maize productivity identified included farm size, fertilizer application, source of maize seeds, proximity to roads, and group membership. In conclusion, the study recommends government investment in rural infrastructure, specifically all-season roads, was advised to enhance accessibility for agricultural inputs and products. Advocacy for improved seed varieties suited to local conditions was emphasized, as was the encouragement and support for farmer groups.