Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among HIV children attending ART Centers in Masindi District General Hospital Uganda

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health concern among HIV-infected children, impacting their overall morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and identify associated factors among HIV-infected children attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers at Masindi District General Hospital, Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 153 HIV-infected children aged 2 to 15 years. Data on demographics, parental education, physical activity, duration on ART, and past CKD diagnosis were collected. CKD was defined based on clinical and laboratory criteria to measure the eGFR. The study found a prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected children of 9.80%. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between CKD prevalence and parental education (p = 0.029), engagement in physical work (p = 0.001), and past diagnosis of CKD (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed independent associations between CKD prevalence and parental education (AOR = 10.034, p = 0.031), engagement in physical work (AOR = 8.815, p = 0.028), and past diagnosis of CKD (AOR = 39.369, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study underscores the high prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected children in Masindi District, Uganda, and identifies parental education, parental engagement in physical work, and past CKD diagnosis as significant risk factors. Addressing these modifiable factors through targeted interventions and holistic approaches is essential for reducing the burden of CKD and improving renal health outcomes among HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings.