Assessing strategies used by frontline communities of mountain Elgon National park to mitigate Human- Wildife Conflicts

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate strategies employed by frontline communities of Mountain Elgon National Park to mitigate human-wildlife conflict (HWC). The specific objectives were: i) to examine the coping methods widely used by frontline communities; ii) to determine the factors influencing the choice of these methods; iii) to assess the challenges faced in their implementation, and iv) to identify strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of coping methods used by frontline communities. Qualitative methods were used to engage 50 respondents selected through a stratified random sampling technique, ensuring representation across the diverse parishes of Bubenstye, Budwale, and Mt. Elgon NP. Additionally, key informants from various sectors including local farmers, community leaders, conservation officers, and wildlife experts contributed to a holistic understanding of the challenges facing these communities. The results show that the primary manifestations of HWC in the area include crop raiding by elephants, livestock predation by leopards, and property damage by baboons, exacerbated by human population growth and agricultural expansion. Community members employed a range of coping strategies, including the construction of physical barriers, community dialogues, and the use of non-lethal deterrents, to mitigate the conflicts. This study highlights the various coping methods employed by frontline communities to manage humanwildlife conflicts, such as compensation schemes, crop guarding, and community-led initiatives, reflecting the importance of localized solutions. It identifies critical factors influencing these methods, including cultural acceptability and resource availability, while also recognizing significant challenges like limited resources and insufficient community engagement that undermine these communities' resilience and effectiveness in conflict management. Key recommendations include enhancing support for community-led initiatives, and fostering sustainable agricultural practices. The study underscores the necessity of ongoing dialogue among stakeholders to build trust and improve conservation efforts, ensuring both community livelihoods and biodiversity are safeguarded.