Measurement and Analysis of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic fields from Cellular Networks

Abstract

This study evaluated human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from cellular networks in close-in urban contexts in Kampala City, Uganda. It complemented existing Uganda Com- munications Commission (UCC) surveys by employing a targeted measurement approach within these urban environments. A total number of 234 measurements were acquired across Kam- pala City using a well-calibrated Spectran HF 60105 RF spectrum analyzer with a hyperlog directional antenna, focusing on specific frequency bands associated with cellular network tech- nologies (GSM, UMTS, WLAN, LTE). Data analysis confirmed that measured EMF levels were significantly below established safety standards set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The study also investigated variations in EMF levels based on cellular network technologies, geographic distribution, and results of other local and international studies. The findings are meant to inform decision-making for responsible cellular network expansion and Quality of Service (QoS) improvements while ensuring public safety. Additionally, the data can be used for public awareness campaigns to address con- cerns about EMF exposure. The research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 9 and Uganda’s National Development Plan III (NDPIII) by promoting responsible telecommunica- tion infrastructure deployment. Based on the findings, the study recommends the UCC consider implementing a real-time monitoring system for cellular network EMF exposure assessment and initiating public awareness campaigns to strengthen public trust further.