Undergraduate experience of drug use at Higher Institutions of Learning in Uganda : a case study of Makerere University

Abstract

This study explores the experiences of undergraduate students using drugs at higher institutions of learning in Uganda, with Makerere University as a case study. The study specifically aimed to: (1) assess the prevalence and types of drugs used by undergraduates at Makerere University; (2) explore the underlying motivations for drug use among undergraduate students; and (3) evaluate the impact of drug use on academic performance and mental health among undergraduates. The study employed a phenomenological research design using a qualitative approach. A total of 20 participants were involved, including undergraduate students with experiences of drug use and five key informants such as university counselors, hostel custodians, and local enforcement personnel. Data were collected using in-depth and key informant interviews. Findings reveal that drug use is widespread and normalized within the student community, with commonly used substances including marijuana, alcohol, shisha, tobacco, and prescription stimulants. Motivations for drug use include academic pressure, emotional distress, social influence, and the desire to enhance focus or relaxation. The accessibility and affordability of drugs around the university further encourage continued use. Drug use was found to negatively impact academic performance through reduced concentration, absenteeism, and poor grades, and also contributed to mental health issues such as anxiety, emotional instability, and depression. The study highlights the complex psychosocial and structural factors contributing to drug use and demonstrates that for many students, substance use serves as a coping mechanism rather than a purely recreational choice. While informal peer support systems exist, students often hesitate to seek institutional help due to stigma and fear of disciplinary action. The findings underscore the need for context-sensitive, supportive interventions that promote student well-being without relying solely on punitive approaches. Recommendations focus on enhancing drug education, improving access to mental health services, and fostering collaboration between universities, communities, and policymakers to address the root causes and consequences of student drug use.