Knowledge, practices among small-scale dairy farmers and antibacterial residue status of milk in Busana Sub-County, Kayunga District, Central Uganda

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and the misuse of antibiotics in livestock, particularly in developing countries, is a significant contributing factor. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of small-scale dairy farmers regarding antibacterial use and to determine the prevalence of antibacterial residues in raw milk in Busana Sub-County, Kayunga District, Central Uganda. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 30 small-scale dairy farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on farmers' demographics and their knowledge and practices (KAP) of antibacterial use. Additionally, 30 fresh milk samples were collected and analyzed for penicillin and tetracycline residues using thin-layer chromatography. The findings indicated a significant lack of knowledge among farmers, particularly concerning correct dosage, withdrawal periods, and the risks of AMR. The most commonly used antibiotics were oxytetracycline and penicillin. Laboratory analysis revealed that 20% of the milk samples contained tetracycline residues, while no penicillin residues were detected. These results highlight a concerning prevalence of antibiotic residues in the milk supply, which is directly linked to the identified knowledge gaps and unsafe practices among the farmers. Therefore, poor knowledge and practices among small-scale dairy farmers in Busana Sub-County contribute to the presence of antibiotic residues in milk, posing a potential risk to public health. The study however, recommends a need for targeted educational interventions and stricter regulatory enforcement to promote responsible antibacterial use and combat the spread of AMR in the region.