Evaluation of tick control practices among small scale farmers in cattle in Bumyuka Ward in Buyende District

Abstract

Background: Tick infestations pose a significant threat to cattle productivity and health in Uganda, particularly among small-scale farmers {Vanden Broecke, 2020 #22}. Effective tick control is vital for preventing tick-borne diseases such as East Coast fever. However, the misuse and overuse of acaricides have led to growing concerns about resistance and inefficacy. This study assessed tick control practices among small-scale cattle farmers in Bumyuka Ward, Buyende District, focusing on the methods used, factors influencing their choices and adherence to recommended application protocols. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 small-scale cattle farmers selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires covering socio-demographics, farm production practices, tick control methods and acaricide usage. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with logistic regression applied to examine associations between variables. Results: The study found that 97% of farmers used acaricides, mainly Amidines (especially Amitix), with hand spraying as the universal application method. Weekly application during the rainy season and biweekly during the dry season were common. Most farmers sourced acaricides from drug shops (86%) and adhered to recommended dilution and application intervals. Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and education were not significantly associated with tick control method. However, disability status (p = 0.020) and occupation (self-employment; p = 0.039) were significantly associated with acaricide use. The source of acaricides also had a significant impact (p = 0.036), with drug shop users more likely to apply acaricides correctly compared to those purchasing from casual markets. Conclusion: Acaricide use is widespread among small-scale farmers in Bumyuka Ward, with relatively good compliance to recommended practices. However, variations in usage patterns and some reliance on informal markets indicate knowledge gaps and potential risks of acaricide resistance. Targeted education, improved access to veterinary extension services and support for vulnerable groups such as farmers with disabilities are recommended to improve tick control and sustainability of acaricide use. Keywords: Tick control, acaricides, small-scale farmers, Buyende District, cattle farming, Uganda, resistance, Amidines, East Coast fever.