The technical impact of the high adoption/penetration of prosumers through net metering in Uganda

Abstract

The growing use of net-metering and the emergence of prosumers—those who both consume and produce electricity—are changing the dynamics of power grids around the world. Prosumers are increasingly influencing energy markets. This project aims to evaluate the technical implications of a high number of prosumers in Uganda’s power distribution system, where the regulatory frameworks for net-metering are still in their early stages but are developing. While Uganda is making strides toward a cleaner energy future, it faces significant technical challenges due to bi-directional electricity flows and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, which can strain traditional grid infrastructure. By using DigSILENT PowerFactory and MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations, we will model scenarios of extensive prosumer integration to assess their impacts on grid stability and load management. This process is intricate and requires careful consideration of multiple factors. Drawing on case studies from countries like Denmark, the United States, and Australia, which have established net-metering systems as well as countries with similar power grids to Uganda such as Kenya, South Africa, etc., we will provide comparative insights into effective grid management frameworks. This will help identify the policy measures necessary to support high levels of prosumer adoption. The project seeks to identify specific thresholds at which grid stability may be at risk, while proposing scalable smart grid solutions that are tailored to Uganda’s unique context. Additionally, we will explore optimal load management techniques and shifts in demand patterns that align with prosumer contributions. Ultimately, this research aims to inform policy recommendations that promote the sustainable growth of prosumers within Uganda's clean energy landscape. The findings are expected to assist Uganda’s regulatory bodies in developing a strong framework to support net-metering, paving the way for a cleaner and more reliable energy system.