Factors that affect the profitability of sesame production among smallholder farmers in Kitgum-Matidi Sub-County, Kitgum District

Abstract

This study examined the factors affecting the profitability of sesame production among smallholder farmers in Kitgum-Matidi Sub-County, Kitgum District, Northern Uganda. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design, data were collected from 76 sesame farmers using structured questionnaires, complemented by key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The total variable costs revealed labor as the largest expense (54.6%), followed by transportation (19.3%) and land hiring (15.6%). The average yield was 326 kg per acre with a gross farm income of 1,500,000 UGX and a gross profit margin of 877,000 UGX, demonstrating the profitability of sesame cultivation in the area. Regression analysis revealed that farm size, educational level, and access to extension services were significant positive determinants of profitability, highlighting that inadequate extension services harmed returns. The major challenges reported included inadequate extension services, price fluctuations, limited access to improved seed, and market-related constraints. The study recommended strengthening extension delivery, improving input accessibility, and enhancing market information systems to boost profitability among smallholder sesame farmers in Kitgum-Matidi.