Social support, self esteem and resilience among adolescents

Abstract

Adolescence consists of the transition from childhood into early adolescence, middle adolescence and the transition from late adolescence into early adulthood (Santrock, 2008). According to Steinberg (2009), adolescence is often thought to begin around the age of 10 years and end between the ages of 20 and 24 years. This period has been divided into three stages namely early adolescence (from the ages of 10 to 13 years), middle adolescence (from the ages of 14 to 17 years), and late adolescence (from the ages of 18 to 24 years) (Smetana, Campione-Barr & Metzger, 2006).