The contribution of onions to the incomes of onion wholesalers in the major markets in Kampala

Abstract

Onions are a vital horticultural crop in Uganda’s urban markets, providing both a staple food item for households and a key source of income for traders. In Kampala, onion wholesaling has become a major livelihood activity, yet the extent of its contribution to household incomes remains underexplored. This study examined the role of onions in sustaining wholesaler livelihoods in four major wholesale markets: Nakasero, Owino, Nakawa, and Kalerwe. Using a cross sectional research design, data were collected from 80 wholesalers through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. The study compared revenue from onions with other commodities, assessed household income levels, and identified challenges faced in onion trading. Findings showed that onions were the most profitable commodity, with average profits significantly higher than those of other products handled by wholesalers. Onions accounted for more than half of total household income, demonstrating their central role in trader livelihoods. However, wholesalers faced several constraints including low demand, limited access to capital, perishability, unstable prices, and irregular supply. The study highlights the need for improved postharvest storage, access to affordable credit, collective marketing through cooperatives, and measures to stabilize market conditions. Addressing these challenges would enhance the profitability and resilience of onion wholesalers, thereby strengthening their contribution to urban food systems and household welfare.