Prevalance of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in isolates from Mulago National Referral Hospital.

Abstract

Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae are gram-negative bacteria that are members of the enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious risks to global public health. Most antibiotics are losing their effectiveness against Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and this is due to presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs). The major goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of TEM and CTX-MU genes in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Mulago National Referral Hospital. The isolates were obtained from storage, thawed, sub-cultured on Mac Conkey agar and identified using biochemical identification tests. Susceptibility testing of isolates to antibiotics was performed using disc diffusion method. DNA was extracted by boiling lysis and TEM and CTX-MU genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates were as follows; 30/30 (100%) of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, 23/30 (76.7%) of isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime, 26/30 (86.7%) of the isolates were resistant to Cefuroxime, 10/30 (33.3%) of isolates were resistant to Meropenem, 13/30 (43.3%) of isolates were resistant to Imipenem. Percentage prevalence of TEM and CTX-MU genes were as follows: 7/9 (77.8%) of the isolates contained CTX-MU, 4/9 (44.4%) of the isolates contained TEM In conclusion, ESBL producing organisms should be promptly identified for appropriate antibiotic prescription. The ministry of health should take into consideration prescribing practices and improve them through the use of diagnostic tests, improved documentation of symptoms so as to reduce resistant bacteria through inappropriate prescription.