An assessment of consumer preference for common fish species in Pakwach district, Uganda

Abstract

Fish is a vital source of protein and essential nutrients globally, playing a crucial role in food security and nutrition, particularly in developing regions. Despite its importance, consumer preferences and factors influencing fish consumption remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate consumer preferences for common fish species, analyze factors affecting fish consumption decisions, and identify challenges faced in accessing fish in Pakwach District. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected through face-to-face interview from 107 respondents. The study utilized descriptive statistics and logistic regression, to analyze data using STATA version 15. The findings revealed that Tilapia was the most commonly consumed and preferred fish species, followed by Nile Perch and Catfish. Taste, price, availability, and nutritional value were the main attributes influencing consumer choice. Logistic regression results indicated that the education level of the household head (p = 0.093) and distance to the nearest market (p = 0.074) were significant predictors of fish consumption frequency. Households with more educated heads were more likely to meet the recommended consumption of at least twice per week, whereas households located further from markets consumed fish less frequently due to accessibility challenges. High fish prices (62%) emerged as the main challenge limiting access, with poor storage facilities, limited supply, and fish quality also contributing. To cope, most respondents substituted fish with other protein sources, reduced consumption, or traveled further to access fish.in conclusion, the study highlights the need to prioritize sustainable production of preferred fish species and enhance nutritional education, especially among larger and less-educated households. Interventions to reduce fish prices, improve storage infrastructure, and ensure steady supply are critical to improving fish accessibility and consumption.