The Role and Perceptions of the Wetland Dependent Communities towards Conservation of Kiyanja-Kaku Wetland in Lwengo District, Uganda.

Abstract

This study examined the roles and perceptions of wetland-dependent communities towards the conservation of the Kiyanja-Kaku Wetland in Lwengo District, Uganda. Kiyanja-kaku wetland, as an ecologically significant Ramzar site, has come under increasing pressure and degradation due to anthropogenic activities such as farming, grazing, and settlement encroachment (Turyasingura, Chavula et al. 2022). Previous conservation strategies from external conservation bodies were less effective as a result of non-inclusion of the indigenous roles and practices which escalated wetland degradation (Muheebwa 2017). The research sought to explore local perceptions regarding wetland conservation and assess the roles played by communities in sustainable wetland use and protection. The target population were the households with a maximum of 20 being selected from each village for a total of 81 households as the total sample size which was determined by Cochran’s formula. Systematic sampling technique was employed in selection of the households in achieving the set objectives while family heads were the targeted respondents from each household. A mixed-methods approach was employed in data collection, using both structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews across four villages adjacent to the wetland (Kirumba, Katoogo, Kisana, and Kajjalubanda). Quantitative data were presented using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and variance using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 30 and R statistical tool version 4.3.4 while thematic analysis was used for qualitative responses. A majority of community members (93%, SD = 0.217, n = 81, m = 1.813) recognize the ecological and livelihood importance of the wetland, particularly in water regulation, climate stabilization, and provision of natural resources such as fish, pasture, and papyrus. 67% of the respondents acknowledged their role in wetland degradation but expressed a strong willingness to engage in conservation efforts, especially when supported by training, alternative livelihoods, and community outreach while 26% who were mostly herdsmen had limited interest in wetland resource use sustainability. Key conservation activities included tree planting (83%), restoration, and plastic waste removal, though participation was uneven and often influenced by perceived personal benefit. The study concludes that while community perceptions are generally positive, effective wetland conservation requires inclusive decision-making, increased community extension investment, and a shift from enforcement-driven approaches to collaborative, benefit-sharing conservation strategies(McNamara and Jones 2016). Strengthening the active role of local communities is essential for ensuring the ecological sustainability and socio-economic value of Kiyanja-Kaku Wetland.