Assessment of problem animal conflicts and their management at Lake Mburo National Park, South-Western Uganda.

Abstract

Background: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) remains a critical challenge in communities adjacent to protected areas, threatening both biodiversity conservation and rural livelihoods. Around Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP), problem animals frequently intrude into farmlands, causing crop destruction, livestock predation, and property damage. This study assessed the nature of problem animal conflicts and their management around Lake Mburo National Park in southwestern Uganda Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to 101 households in parishes bordering LMNP. Respondents were selected through systematic random sampling along transects near the park boundary. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, problematic animal species, types and frequency of conflicts, affected crops, severity, and perceived effectiveness of management strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and charts. Qualitative data on community responses and complaints were thematically analyzed. Results: Bush pigs (62.4%) and vervet monkeys (46.5%) were the most frequently reported problem animals, followed by hyenas (37.6%) and zebras (32.7%). Crop destruction was the most common form of conflict, occurring daily for many households. Maize, beans, and bananas were the most frequently damaged crops. A majority of respondents (91%) reported a mixed response to UWA’s strategies, citing inadequate compensation, weak physical barriers, delayed responses, and limited community involvement as key shortcomings. Community-led tactics such as noise making and fencing were commonly used but perceived as only partially effective. Conclusion: Problem animal conflicts around Lake Mburo National Park significantly impact local livelihoods, with bush pigs and primates being the primary culprits. Current management strategies by UWA are viewed as insufficient, highlighting the need for improved compensation mechanisms, stronger physical barriers, enhanced community engagement, and integrated problem animal management approaches.