Analysis of EMF exposure in 5G cellelar systems.

Abstract

The project investigates human EMF exposure in 5G cellular systems in the downlinks through obtaining the range of possible Power Densities and Specific Absorption Rates. To do this, different 5G deployment scenarios (5G UMi, 5G Uma, and 5G Indoor) are done using NYUSIM simulator. Also with the same simulator, a 4G cellular system is modelled and simulated. Power Density and SAR in each of the scenarios is obtained from received Power values.

The findings showed that SAR in 5G (especially 5G UMi and 5G indoor) was way higher as compared to 4G. No limit in terms of SAR has been set for frequencies higher than 10,000MHz. However, taking the limit of 2W/kg (for 10-10,000 MHz) into consideration, it was found that this limit is exceeded for close BS-UE separation.

Two mitigation protocols were proposed (one for indoor and the other for outdoor) that could help minimize exposure in terms of SAR and also not to exceed a limit of 2W/kg. The indoor protocol is based on power control and the outdoor protocol puts emphasis on SAR shielding. It was found that the effect of this mitigation on data rates was a slight reduction.\\ The results obtained show that there is need for regulations for downlinks in terms of SAR at higher frequencies such as 28 GHz for outdoor and 60GHz for indoor.