The trends and distribution of Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia cases in Napak District (2017-2021)

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly infectious and serious respiratory disease of goats characterised by coughing, respiratory distress and very high morbidity and mortality rates (Thiaucourt and Bolske, 1996). The disease is included in the list of notifiable maladies by World Health Organisation (OIE) because of its high morbidity and mortality rates causing significant socio-economic impact once declared in a country. This retrospective study was carried out in Napak district to identify the trends and distribution of CCPP cases over the past five years i.e. 2017 to 2021. This is important as it will help the district production sector develop appropriate prevention and control strategies. Data collected consisted of livestock disease surveillance records with emphasis on CCPP cases within the retrospective study period ie number of CCPP cases recorded per month for each year. The data was imported into Microsoft excel for cleaning which was then sorted for export to SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data generated and the results presented as figures and tables. Analysis of variance test (One-way ANOVA) was carried out to determine which sub-counties had significantly higher numbers of cases within each year reported using comparing means and tested at 95% confidence interval. A total of 4,051 CCPP cases were reported in Napak district in the study period. Generally, CCPP cases showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2021. The sub counties that reported cases of CCPP included Iriiri, Lokopo, Lopeei, Lotomei, Nakicumet, Matany and Ngoleriet. However, lorengecora sub-county did not have any reported data on CCPP. The year 2019, registered the highest number of cases compared to all the other years. Outbreaks of CCPP occurred throughout the year, however annual peaks in the number of CCPP cases occurred in the months of May and August. Lokopo sub-county had the highest number of cases in each year and contributed the largest proportion (39%, 1599/4051) of all cases reported during the study period. In conclusion, CCPP is endemic in Napak district. Therefore, active surveillance should be carried out routinely to monitor and examine the current status of CCPP in the district.