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dc.contributor.authorAnaasi, Arnold
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-25T09:16:24Z
dc.date.available2022-04-25T09:16:24Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-21
dc.identifier.citationAnaasi, A. (2022). Formation of perfume from fusel oils. (Mak UD) (Unpublished undergraduate dissertation). Makerere University , Kampala, Uganda
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12281/11879
dc.description.abstractFusel oil is a by product of the distillation of ethyl alcohol from the fermentation of molasses, bananas and other fermentable starch containing foods. They mainly contain C3-C5 alcohols. Raw fusel oils are a viscous liquid with a very unpleasant smell thus their direct utilization as a solvent is limited. Fusel oils can be used for the denaturation of alcohol, removing foam from molasses and can be burnt to provide energy. Despite all these applications, a substantial amount of these oils is discarded into the environment hence pollution. The alcohols in these oils can be esterified to form esters with a pleasant and nice smell. These esters produced can be used as perfumes for various purposes hence the aim of this study. This process can be done using Fischer’s esterification where the alcohols in the fusel oils react with simple organic acids like glacial acetic acid to form esters. This reaction occurs in presence of a concentrated inorganic acid like concentrated sulphuric acid which serves as a catalyst. In this study, three samples of raw fusel oil were used. These were white fusel oil, yellow fusel oil and fusel oil from a local brewer in Kasese district. These samples were prepared by removing excess water using the solvent extraction method and the water free fusel oil was esterified using the Fischer’s esterification. The esters formed where confirmed by mixing them with sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein indicator where a pink coloration is formed and disappears on heating. This was to confirm the presence of esters. The percentage of esterification was therefore determined using a titrimetric method where the solution was titrated against sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein indicator. The amount of unreacted acid was determine the percentage of esterification. White fusel oil had the highest percentage of esterification followed by yellow fusel oil and then the fusel oil from the local brewer. This means that white fusel oil had less of the impurities and more of the alcohols that were esterified thus less amount of unreacted acid. This concludes that white fusel oil is formed after a series of ethanol distillation unlike the rest whose distillation series are not as much as those for the white fusel oil. White fusel oil formed the strongest ester thus best perfume followed by yellow fusel oil and then the fusel oil from the local brewer.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.titleFormation of perfume from fusel oilsen_US
dc.description.locationA project report submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science of Makerere University
dcterms.publisherMakerere University
dcterms.subjectPerfume formation
dcterms.subjectFusel oils
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