Knowledge and attitude among female undergraduates towards utilization of mammography in early detection of breast cancer at Makerere university, Kampala.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Even though early detection and diagnosis of this disease can reduce mortality considerably, several studies have shown that more than 92% of women are unaware of the risk factors for breast cancer and of breast cancer screening tests. The simultaneous promotion of screening with mammography and provision of education can increase community health and reduce medical costs, and female undergraduates can play role in informing and educating their societies. However, utilization of mammography is a radiographic imaging technique of breast tissue used to a certain the condition of the entire breast architecture so as to provide a viable information about the health of breast tissue. Aim: The present study aims to examine the level of knowledge and attitude among female undergraduates towards utilization of mammography for early detection of breast cancer at Makerere University, Uganda. Method: In this cross-section study using quantitative data collection, the random sampling method was applied to survey 87 female students of Makerere University who are residing in the university halls. The participants were female undergraduates aged between 20-35 years old. Questionnaires were completed in halls of residence, and data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 25. Results: The results revealed that more than 89.7% of students were aware or had correct information regarding the use of mammography though with negative attitude of more than 68.4% of the participants. The link between the type of breast cancer information sources and student’s knowledge of breast cancer screening was significant. Most female students were aware of the dangers of breast cancer, but less informed of signs and symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies with students from a family history of breast cancer had higher score in terms of mammography knowledge than those with no family history of breast cancer, although the difference was not significant (Mean+/-standard deviation=0.94+/-0.9, p=0.19) Conclusion: The level of awareness and attitude among undergraduate female of Makerere University regarding use of mammography for early detection of breast cancer is encouraging. Recommendation: The educational programs be implemented to increase the awareness/knowledge of undergraduate females, so that the number of those turning up for mammography screening of breast cancer increases and information can be transferred through students to their families, with that the awareness and attitude in the whole society will hopefully increase as well