Prevalence of bacterial isolates in blood cultures and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles at mbale regional referral hospital laboratory

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture to improve empirical antibiotictherapy .The study was retrospective cross sectional in nature involved review of patients' laboratory records and files at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital Microbiology Laboratory for the period of two years (February 2019-February 2017).Relevant information like age, sex, organism isolated and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were obtained from the patients records. During the two years, 254 blood culture were received from different departments like OPD, ACU, CAS in the Hospital. In a total of 254 blood culture, 19 yielded monomicrobial growth. An incidence of positive blood culture was 7.5%(19/254) that included Gram-positive cocci 78.9%and Gram-negative bacilli 21.1%. The most frequently identified species was staphylococcus aureus 78.9% and Enterobacteriaceace accounted for 21.1% included entrobactor 10.5%, Escherichia coli 5.3% and salmonella typhi was also 5.3%. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration using standard Kirby Bauer's Method. Imipenem showed 100% activity against all isolates. Tetracycline was 100% sensitive against both salmonella and Entrobactor but 0% activity against staphylococcus aureus. High sensitivity was also seen to Tetracycline (100%), oxacillin (100%), Gentimycin (89%). Gentamycin was 77.8%, Nitrofurantoin 66.7%, cefuroxime 60% against staphylococcus auerus. High resistance was seen against ampicillin (100%),Augmentin(100%), Cotrimoxazole(83%). caluvulinic acid (80%). Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to most of antimicrobial agents tested from 0-44.4% sensitivity.It is concluded that staphylococcus auerus is the principal organism responsible for blood stream infection and resistant to most of antimicrobial agents. Imepenem is the effective antimicrobialage