This study aims to compare the historical development, current status, and shared challenges and opportunities of women's higher education in China and Uganda. Firstly, the background, objectives, and significance of the research are briefly introduced, along with an overview of the research methods. Secondly, the historical review and current situation of women's higher education in China are analyzed, as well as the historical development and current status in Uganda. Subsequently, by comparing aspects such as educational systems and policies, social and cultural factors, the similarities and differences of women's higher education between the two countries are revealed. Finally, the main findings are summarized, and the limitations and future research prospects of the study are discussed.