College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB)

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Browsing College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB) by Subject "Abattoir"
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    Assessing pathological lesions of respiratory diseases in cattle and goats slaughtered at Nebbi Municipal Abattoir
    (Makerere University, 2024) Uyirwoth, Edwin
    An abattoir assessment was conducted on 184 cattle and 200 goats slaughtered at Nebbi Municipal abattoir from July to August 2023. The objective was to determine the prevalence of respiratory conditions in cattle and goats presented for slaughter. Routine meat inspection procedures were used to detect the presence of the pathological lesions. A total of 184 (47.91%) and 200 (52.08%) cattle and goats respectively, were assessed for grey hepatisation, swollen/enlarged lung, froth in lung and lung abscesses. The overall prevalence of respiratory lesions in cattle and goats was 144/384 (37.5%), 64/384 (16.7%) in cattle and 80 (20.8%) in goats, 11 (2.9%), 13 (3.4%), 8 (2.1%), 3 (0.7%) of the cattle had grey/red hepatisation, swollen/enlarged lungs, froth in lung and lung abscesses respectively. Whereas 20 (5.2%), 30 (7.8%), 25 (6.5%), 5 (1.3%) of the goat carcasses had grey/red hepatisation, swollen/enlarged lungs, froth in lung and lung abscesses respectively. Pneumonia was the leading cause of condemnations as it was responsible for 3 (0.7%) and 2 (0.5%) of all the condemned lungs in cattle and goats, respectively. Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia and Caprine pleuro-pneumonia were only recorded in cattle and goats attributing to 7.3%, and 0.7% of lung condemnations, respectively. The percentages of lung conditions recorded in July and August were not statistically different (P > 0.05) among cattle and goats. The different lung lesion percentages recorded in cattle were not significant (P > 0.05) compared to goats. There were no significant (P > 0.05) variations between lung condemnation percentages due to various conditions. The study showed that different lung diseases/lesions in domestic ruminants are prevalent in the greater Nebbi district. Thus, there is a need to introduce appropriate control measures of diseases affecting lungs to minimize the rate of infection and reduce the ensuing economic losses. The data obtained from this survey cannot be wholly relied upon as accurate, but it can be used as a baseline for more extensive epidemiological investigation. Extensive study should be conducted to identify the organism causing the lesions and establish the factors that could have contributed to the high prevalence of respiratory lesions in the study area.
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    Knowledge, attitude and practices of abattoir workers towards waste management in Wambizzi and Kalerwe abattoirs
    (Makerere University, 2024-09) Sserubula, John Paul
    Despite the fact that operating an abattoir can be very beneficial to humans by generating meat for consumption and other important byproducts, the wastes generated by these facilities can nevertheless constitute a major threat to public health. Effective management of abattoir waste is crucial for environmental protection and public health. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of abattoir workers regarding waste management at Wambizzi and Kalerwe abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda. The research employed a cross-sectional design using both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data from 250 workers. Data collection involved questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observation checklists. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents from different departments, with a sample size determined using Yamane's formula. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities, and data collection was conducted with stringent quality control measures. The study found that 71.6% of workers had good knowledge of abattoir waste management, though gaps in waste sorting were identified. Positive attitudes towards waste management were observed in 71.2% of workers. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, poor abattoir design, and inconsistent waste collection were prevalent. Despite these challenges, workers demonstrated good practices, with 50.4% exhibiting effective waste management practices. The study highlights the need for improved waste sorting knowledge, enhanced infrastructure, and better logistical support. Future research should explore the impact of the long-term benefits of infrastructure improvements on waste management efficiency. These findings underscore the importance of addressing both knowledge and practical challenges to achieve sustainable waste management in abattoirs.
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    Monetary losses resulting from liver condemnation of cattle slaughtered at the Iganga Municipal Council Abattoir
    (Makerere University, 2022-03) Kadondo, Jackline
    This study was carried out to determine the major causes of liver condemnation and monetary losses resulting from liver condemnation of cattle slaughtered at the Iganga Municipal Council abattoir during the wet season. The abattoir is located in Iganga district Bikhado zone. The study period lasted 3 weeks and in this period of time 308 cattle were slaughtered and their respective livers observed and inspected at the abattoir. On average 14 animals were slaughtered per day. Out of the 308 livers inspected, 73(23.7%) were normal, 67(21.75%) were totally condemned and 168(54.55%) trimmed livers. Districts, Kaabong, Lira and Iganga registered the highest number of condemned livers. The leading cause of condemnation of livers was fascioliasis with a prevalence of 53.7%, followed by hydatidosis (16.4%), and then calcification and abscessation (14.9%). A total of 185 kilograms were condemned which were equivalent to 2,782,500 UGX monetary loss during the study period, 132,500 UGX losses per day and 48,230,000 UGX estimated annual monetary loss.
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    Prevalence and risk factors associated with Haemonchosis among goats slaughtered at Kampala City Abattoir, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2022-03) Bisaso, Isaac
    Goats farming has become popular among resource-poor nations such as Uganda because of its short production cycle. However, the major challenge of goat farming are diseases among which helminthiasis ranked top. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Kampala city abattoir, to determine the prevalence, worm burden, and risk factors associated with Haemonchus infection among slaughtered goats. A total of 206 goats were randomly examined at ante-mortem, and post-mortem inspection. The contents from abomasum of each goat was subsequently collected into a well-labeled falcon tube containing 70% ethanol and transported to veterinary post-mortem laboratory at Makerere for adult worm count. The overall prevalence of Haemonchus infection in the sampled goats was high (68%, n = 206). There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.833) and (p=0.732) between the occurrence of Haemonchosis and age, sex, or breed of the goats. Never theless this study reported a relatively higher cases of haemonchosis among adult males, and local breeds of goats than among females and exotic breeds. There were significant differences (P<0.001) in the mean adult worm count between goats with poor and good body conditions. The mean worm burden was 896.55 for goats with poor body-condition. The study also revealed a statistically significant correlation between the degree of infestation (worm burden) and the clinical manifestation of anemia seen as pale appearance mucous membrane. In conclusion, the prevalence of Haemonchosis and worm burden was high in goats with poor body conditions. Therefore, appropriate worm control and prevention measures should be designed and used to control haemonchosis among goats from the various farms in the country.
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    Prevalence of Fasciola SPP and other pathological lesions that lead to bovine liver condemnation in selected slaughter slabs in Mityana District
    (Makerere University, 2022-12-13) Kahuuga, Esther
    Meat inspection including inspection of the pluck is one of the ways in which spread of diseases from animals to humans can be prevented. A number of pathological lesions can lead to liver condemnation as they make the liver not fit for human consumption. This in turn may lead to significant financial losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two slaughter slabs in Mityana district to determine the prevalence of Fasciola SPP and other pathological lesions that lead to bovine liver condemnation and to estimate the associated financial losses in cattle slaughtered at the selected slaughter slabs. A total of 230 cattle livers were examined at postmortem and the observed pathological conditions were recorded. The condemned liver was weighed and the financial loss estimated basing on the cost of the liver per kilogram. The prevalence of the different pathological conditions was 20.4% for Fasciola SPP, 4.3% calcification, 3.5% abscess, 2.6 cirrhosis, 1.7% hydatidosis and 0.4% necrosis. This indicated that Fascioliasis was the major cause of liver condemnation. There was no significant association between age group, sex and breed (p>0.05) with the prevalence of Fascioliasis. A total of 190kg of liver were condemned from 76 animals with an average of 2kg per animal and this was estimated to be 60,895,968 UGX (15,964.2USD) annually. Fascioliasis was the major cause of liver condemnation therefore the need to control liver fluke infestation by deworming of cattle. In addition, proper meat inspection should be emphasized at all slaughter slabs since parasites of significant public health important importance such as hyatid cysts were detected.
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    Prevalence of indigestible foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of cattle slaughtered at Kalerwe Abattoir, Kampala, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025) Abalo, Esther
    Hardware disease is one of those diseases that affect cattle, and this relates to poor waste management, which exposes especially grazing cattle to ingesting indigestible foreign materials (IFMs), causing health and economic losses. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kalerwe Abattoir, Kampala, Uganda, from 11th February 2025 to 9th March 2025 to establish the prevalence and risk factors of indigestible foreign materials (IFMs) ingestion in slaughtered cattle. Cattle were examined at ante mortem, taking note of their breed, age, sex, and body condition score. A total of 301 cattle were sampled, of which 135 (45%) were males and 166 (55%) were females. The examined breeds were Nganda (n=159, 27.7%), Ankole (n=97, 21.6 %), and Zebu (n=37, 14.4%), which came from seven districts. At post mortem, each compartment of the forestomach was opened carefully and visually inspected thoroughly for the presence of any indigestible foreign materials. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Excel (2019) and exported to SPSS software Version 20.0, where statistical analysis was performed. The Pearson chi-square (χ2) test was employed to assess the existence of an association between the prevalence of foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum and the different animal factors. A total of 67 animals had IFMs hence an overall prevalence of 22.3%, with polythene bags (n=27, 40.2%), and ropes (n=26, 38.8%), constituting the majority of foreign materials followed by hairballs (n=7, 19.4%), sacks (n=4, 5.9%), wires (n=1, 1.4%), nails (n=1, 1.4%) mango seed (n=1, 1.4%), and piece of iron sheet (n=1, 1.4%). The females had a higher prevalence of rumen and reticulum foreign bodies (n=46, 27.7%) than male cattle (n=21, 15.5%) (χ2=6.357, p=0.012). According to age, the highest prevalence was among cattle of 5-8 years (n=22, 61.1%), followed by 3-5 years (n=23, 21.9%) and 1-3 years (n=22, 13.8%), (χ2= 38.105, p<0.05). The animals with the highest prevalence according to body condition score were the emaciated (n=5, 40%), followed by poor body condition score (n=102, 32.3%), and finally those with good body condition (n=194, 16.4%). This study revealed a high prevalence of IFMs of different types among cattle. Accordingly, designing and implementing appropriate solid waste disposal and management practices is strongly recommended to reduce the risk of ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies by cattle.
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    A study of the pathological conditions of the liver of cattle slaughtered at Budadiri Town Council slaughter slab
    (Makerere University, 2022-11) Nyode, Innocent
    Budadiri Town Council has one slaughter slab that supplies meat to communities with in and around it. However, during the routine meat inspection of cattle at slaughter by the veterinary public health staff, there are many cases of cattle livers not found fit for human consumption and this has raised the concern of the veterinary public health staff at this slaughter slab and the prospective meat consumers from this slaughter place. The study therefore intended to determine the major pathological conditions of the liver of cattle that lead to either partial or total condemnation at Budadiri Town Council Slaughter slab. The study was carried out for three weeks between 9th July to 30th July 2022. Gross examination of all the livers of cattle that were slaughtered during this period was done by visual examination, palpation and incision and any lesions observed were recorded. After gross examination, condemned liver samples were collected in containers containing 10% buffered formalin and with an identification number and submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinical and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University for Histopathology. Out of the 66 animals that were slaughtered, 34 (51.5%) animals had their livers apparently normal with no grossly observable lesions thus wholly passed for human consumption while 32 (48.5%) were found to have infected livers which were partially or totally condemned. Grossly, from these 32 affected livers, 32 (100%) had fascioliasis and 4 (12.5%) had fibrosis. At microscopic examination, 3 (11.1%) had fascioliasis, 13 (48.1%) had liver fibrosis and 18 (66.7%) had liver necrosis. This high rate of liver necrosis and fibrosis at microscopic examination could be associated with fascioliasis since all the condemned livers had fascioliasis at gross examination. The study therefore, revealed that fascioliasis is the leading cause of liver condemnation followed by necrosis and then fibrosis. Since fascioliasis can be prevented by either chemotherapy or by control of the intermediate host (Lyminaea Truncatula), it is of importance that the parasite is controlled at the farms where these animals are sourced from.