College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB)

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https://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/86

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Browsing College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB) by Subject "Abattoirs"
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    Assessment of handling practices of ruminant meat in butcheries in Lira City
    (Makerere University, 2022-12) Brian, Odongo
    Ruminants provide most of the meat consumed by communities in Lira City. It is mainly goats, sheep and cattle that are slaughtered at different slaughtering places for the supply of meat. Meat remains one of the most contaminable foods in Uganda. A quantitative study was carried out among 53 butcheries in Lira City to assess how ruminant meat is handled. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed to generate descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20. Majority 60.38% of study respondents were aged 25-35 years, 88.7% were male, 81.1% attended school, 35.85% stopped at secondary level with 43.4% that had never participated in ruminant meat handling trainings. About 75.5% had apron, 35.8% had masks, 17% had a hairnet or a cap, 62.3% took money and touched meat in the same hand, 96.2% didn’t wear gloves while handling meat and 69.8% of the respondents were observed to not be washing their hands before meat handling. Water and soap were used to clean equipment and the main mode of transportation of meat was motorbikes. In conclusion, the main actors of ruminant meat handlers in Lira City were aged between 25 to 45 years, of which the majority 67.93% were school leavers of primary and secondary levels. The study showed a combination of good and unhygienic meat handling practices in butcheries. There should be regular health education and sensitizations of butchers by relevant authorities on food safety so as to increase their level of awareness. Relevant authorities in the district should formulate and implement a policy that guides butchers to ensure strict adherence to meat hygiene.
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    Assessment of the major causes of organ condemnation and its economic significance in cattle slaughtered in the Arua city abattoir, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024) Okuni, Sidney Kizito
    Abattoirs provide opportunity for passive surveillance of livestock diseases in a population of food animals in an area. This makes it possible to assess the extent of exposure of the public to certain zoonotic diseases and to estimate the financial losses incurred through condemnation of affected organs. Condemnation of organs has significant effect on supply of adequate amounts of quality animal proteins to the population and reduces the profits of the producers or traders. This poses a challenge in meeting the nutritional needs of the population. Continuous surveillance of causes of losses to farmers and traders at slaughter informs control strategies to improve quality of meat at abattoir and increase profits. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th March 2024 to 3rd of April 2024 to determine the major causes of organ condemnation in Arua city abattoir and its financial significance. Two hundred seventy-two (272) cattle were examined through antemortem and postmortem inspections, Males 155 (56.9%) and females 117 (43.1%). The Zebu breed 189 (69.5%) and Ankole long horn 83 (30.5%) were the two breeds examined in the study. Out of these 272 cattle examined, 108 (39.7%) had organ condemnations with four (3.7%) livers totally condemned and eighty-three (76.85%) livers were partially condemned due to fascioliasis, total Liver condemnation due to fascioliasis was at 80.55%. Two (1.85%) livers were partially condemned due to abscessation. Nineteen (17.6%) lungs were partially condemned due to congestion. The condemned organs were weighed using a round hanging spring balance weighing scale and the condemned livers had a total weight of 173.8kg and the condemned lungs weighed 21kgs. Rate of condemnations due to parasitic cause was higher in the liver than abscessation and liver condemnation caused the highest financial loss. The direct financial loss from liver condemnation was 3,476,000Ugx and from lung condemnation was 315,000 Ugx. The total direct financial loss incurred due to organ condemnation at the study area was 3,791,000Ugx (1,024.6 USD). This rate of organ condemnation was high and indicative of high financial losses for livestock farmers and traders. To address the challenge of organ condemnation and its associated financial loss, measures such as Sensitization and education of the farmers in the districts of Pader, Apac, regular deworming programs for livestock, change of the grazing systems at farm level, humane slaughter of animals so as to maintain good lung quality and keeping of detailed records of condemned organs in Arua city abattoir to determine the pattern and trend of organ condemnation should be put in place.
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    Prevalence and economic loss resulting from condemnation of cattle livers due to liver flukes at Soroti main abattoir
    (Makerere University, 2024) Emuron, Abraham
    Fascioliasis in slaughtered cattle at Soroti slaughter abattoir presented a significant challenge that could have led to substantial financial loss for both cattle owners and the abattoir itself. In order to mitigate this challenge, it was necessary to conduct an assessment study to investigate the prevalence or extent of liver condemnation due to fascioliasis and its financial loss at the Soroti municipal slaughter abattoir. The cross sectional study was conducted from 25th December 2023 to 3rd January 2024. Each liver was examined macroscopically for bovine fascioliasis by dissecting the liver and checking for liver flukes. Partially Fasciola Infested livers were trimmed and weighed using digital weighing scale while those wholly Fasciola infested were condemned and incinerated. Average weight of a normal livers was obtained by randomly sampling 5 normal livers which was found to be 3.8 kilograms. Data was recorded for the number of animals slaughtered, breed, sex, and body condition score. The raw data was then entered into Microsoft Excel programme, 2015. A total sample size of 207 cattle livers were examined for Fasciola. Overall prevalence was found to be 74.87 % (155/207). According to Sex, prevalence in males was 74.1% and females was 76.8%. According to breeds, Ankole had prevalence of 75.00% and Zebu had 75.6%. According to body condition score, animals of body condition score 2 had prevalence of 98.7 %, animals of body condition score of 3 had prevalence of 62.2% and those of body condition score 4 had prevalence of 0.00%. The direct economic financial loss was calculated to be 310,896 Ugandan shillings within period of study from 25th December 2023 to 3 January 2024. In conclusion, this study reported high prevalence of fascioliasis that led to substantial economic monetary loss at Soroti slaughter abattoir. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the other major causes of liver condemnation in cattle as this can be used as a means to design intervention strategies or control measures at national level to mitigate this loss hence reducing loss of liver due to condemnation which will intern improve household incomes of cattle farmers.