College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB)

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https://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/86

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Browsing College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and BioSecurity (CoVAB) by Subject "Acaricide susceptibility"
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    Investigation of tick infestations and acaricide susceptibility of ticks among communally grazed cattle in Atiak sub-count, Amuru district
    (Makerere University, 2023-07) Mboya, Tom
    Uganda is currently faced with widespread tick resistance to commercially available acaricides. Acaricide treatment is the major if not the only measure of tick control in most Ugandan cattle raising communities. This study aimed to investigate tick infestations, species of ticks and their susceptibility to selected commercially available acaricides on Ugandan market using modified Adult Immersion Test (AIT).. Regional half body tick counts of cattle in the study area generally revealed high infestation with average significant difference tick counts between the different herds as seen in the results’ table 5 & 6. Two tick species of economic importance were identified and they included; A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus. The result of AIT on engorged female ticks demonstrated that Organophosphate (1000g/L), Synthetic Pyrethroid (50g/L) and Co-formulation (50%w/v) all produced 100% oviposition inhibition effect on A. variegatum with mortalities 88.3%, 66.7% and 41.7% respectively. A. variegatum however, did not show susceptibility to amitraz (12.5% w/v) since it proceeded with oviposition and only 16.7% mortality which could also be attributed to other factors such as stress of the experiment was observed. On the other hand, the same concentration of Co-formulation and organophosphate as above demonstrated 100% oviposition inhibition effect on R. appendiculatus with tick mortality of 83.3% and 50% respectively. Synthetic Pyrethroid and amitraz proved resistant to R. appendiculatus where 33.3% and 16.7% respectively proceeded to lay eggs and only 16.7% mortality was registered in each of the two acaricide molecules. Therefore, more laboratory tests using other methodologies such larval Packet Test (LPT) to compare results and be more accurate is suggested.
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    Tick control practices and Acaricide susceptibility profiles of ticks collected from three sub counties of Yumbe District
    (Makerere University, 2022-11) Larubo, Jamali
    The large livestock population in Uganda is faced with TTBD challenges that affects their productivity, control of ticks and tick-borne diseases largely depends on the use of chemicals which makes farmers in Uganda to extensively rely on use of acaricides for their control. However, there are reports of multi acaricide resistant ticks in Uganda. This study was conducted in the three sub counties of Yumbe District to assess the tick control practices and acaricide susceptibility of ticks to selected commercially available acaricides on Ugandan market. A total of 381 Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma ticks were collected from 9 farms and were subjected to both AIT and LPT assays. In addition, a total of 150 farmers were interviewed on tick control practices. Fully engorged Amblyomma variegatum ticks were incubated and allowed to lay eggs and hatched to larvae which were used for LPT assays. The percentage mortalities obtained at AIT assays were 100%, 8.3%, 75% and 91.7% for synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, co-formulation and organophosphates respectively against A. variegatum while 33.3%, 66.7%. 83.3%, and 66.7% for synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, co-formulation and organophosphate respectively against Rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus with 80% not susceptible to synthetic pyrethroids. The LPT assay results were 98.7%, 58.6%, 99.2% and 100% for synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, co-formulation and organophosphate respectively. For tick control practices, most farmers kept local zebu cattle (92.0%) on communal grazing system (58.7%), tethering at (38%) with majority of the farms largely (97.3%) unfenced. Majority of the farmers (96.7%) used acaricides, with spraying technique (97.3%), commonly applied using Knapsack sprayer (48%), hand sprayers (37.3%), bucket pump (11.3%). Animals majorly sprayed after four weeks (72.0%), (16%) sprayed weekly while others never sprayed their animals. Poor animal restraint techniques like tying up animals using ropes for spraying (59.3%), boma/ kraal (34.0%). Tick control in Yumbe District needs a robust and aggressive strategies so as to reduce the pervasiveness of the resistant ticks.