School of Built Environment (SBE)

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    3D estimation of strain and velocity in Bududa district using GNSS
    (Makerere University, 2021-12-07) Sseruwagi, Henry
    Landslides are defined as ‘the movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope’ and mostly constitute small, but sometimes frequent events affecting millions of people worldwide(Cruden, 1996). They are part of very many natural hazards that have affected people from time memorial others including earthquakes, avalanches and floods((Acar, 2010). Landslides in particular have been recorded for several centuries in Asia, Europe and Africa(De Graff et al., 1989) affecting millions of people worldwide(Mertens et al., 2016). Landslides monitoring studies are carried out mainly on one of the two main stages that is to say the strain and deformation stages. The strain stage is the stage where the actual ground deformation has not yet happened but the stress factors causing the deformation are present and thus deformation may happen any time. This helps to provide useful information on which areas are stressed the most and hence remedies are put in place. This report discusses the monitoring of these landslides using GNSS. It also presents strain tensors, rotation tensors, dialatation tensors that show the crustal movements during the time of GNSS observations. These were computed using a software called Geostrain which is an open source software running in MatLabs software.The report also shows the velocity motion of the district calculated using Trimble Business Center software.
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    Accessing the challenges of the steel-timber-concrete composite construction and the potential benefits of using this type of construction in Uganda
    ( 2023-06-06) Arima, Prince Jovan
    This report presents comprehensive study on the feasibility and challenges of implementing Steel-Timber-Concrete (STC) composite construction for bungalows and three to five-storey buildings in Uganda. The study aimed to evaluate the current state of the construction industry in Uganda, identify key challenges hindering the adoption of STC construction, analyse the specific strengths of STC compared to conventional methods, and develop recommendations to promote STC construction and facilitate its widespread adoption. The findings of the study revealed several challenges that impede the widespread use of STC construction in Uganda, including existing prohibitions, lack of established timber standards, and the need for comprehensive safety demonstrations and further research. However, the comparison between STC construction and conventional methods demonstrated the specific strengths of STC, such as improved structural performance, cost efficiency. and sustainability. A set of recommendations has been developed to address the challenges and promote the adoption of STC construction in Uganda. These recommendations include continuous professional development programs, specialized training for structural steel welders, collaboration between academic institutions and standards authorities, government support, and a robust monitoring and evaluation framework. Implementing these recommendations will enable Uganda to overcome challenges, leverage the benefits of STC construction, advance the construction industry, promote sustainable development goals, and foster innovation in composite construction. Overall, this report provides valuable insights into the feasibility and challenges of using STC composite construction in Uganda. It offers a roadmap for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers facilitate the successful implementation of STC technology. Enhance construction practices, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of Uganda's construction industry.
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    Accessing the impact of land use planning on social economic development in Kampala.
    ( 2019-05-16) Jjemba, Sharif
    The objectives of the research were to assess the implications of effective land use planning on socio-economic development, assess the implications of ineffective land-use planning on socio-economic development so as to assess the impact of land use planning on economic development. This study contains a broad description of the various land use planning patterns and the importance of land use planning. In order to draw a relationship between land use planning and socio-economic economic development, the following socio-economic development indicators were applied i.e. Access to amenities and other social services, standards of living, level of education, transportation, level of employment, access to green spaces, land and real estate values, access to emergency services and access to health services. In this research, 150 questionnaires were used to collect data from 10 well-chosen residential areas from all the five divisions of Kampala. For every division, one well planned area and a poorly planned area were chosen as sample areas. A total of 15 questionnaires were used for each sample area. The data collected was then processed using Microsoft excel and the results presented and explained in the data analysis chapter. In this chapter, graphs showing a comparison of socio-economic development indicators for both well planned and poorly planned areas were plotted. It was discovered that well planned areas had achieved higher levels of socio-economic development as compared to the poorly planned areas which implies a positive correlation between physical planning and socio-economic development. Interviews were carried out with experts from the physical planning and surveying departments of Kampala Capital City Authority at city hall to get an expert view of the research findings. This included the challenges faced in the land use planning process and measures employed to curb the challenges. In the concluding chapter, challenges from the research are included together with recommendations of how to improve land use planning process so as to attain higher levels of socio-economic development.
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    Accessing the impact of urbanization on land surface temperature case study Kampala, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-02-02) Ainematsiko, Gilbert
    Urbanization leads to the construction of various urban infrastructures in the city area for residency, transportation, industry, and other purposes, which causes major land use change. Urbanization has been linked to land surface temperature (LST) due to changes in land use and cover. It substantially affects Land Surface Temperature (LST) by unbalancing the surface energy budget. Higher LST in city areas decreases human thermal comfort for city dwellers and affects the urban environment and ecosystem. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation is needed to assess the impact of urbanization on the LST. This study aims to examine the impact of urbanization on LST in and around Kampala city, Uganda, through the use of RS and GIS techniques were used for this detailed investigation. The radiometrically corrected thermal infrared bands of the Landsat images of 2002,2010 and 2020 were used to retrieve land surface temperature while the Maximum Likelihood algorithm in QGIS Hannover using the Semi- Automatic Classification Plugin was used to generate a classified image for the three periods. Land surface temperature maps, land cover index maps, BDI were generated. The LST increased significantly from 2002 to 2010 with a decrease in 2020. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s Product Moment Method was carried out between land surface temperature and NDBI, BD. Built-up area increased within the same periods from 52.35% to 67.32% which could be attributed to anthropogenic activities. The land surface temperature distribution maps showed a more pronounced intensity in areas of significant built area than in areas covered by vegetation and waterbody. There was a positive correlation between LST and BDI, NDBI with NDBI proving to be a better predictor of land surface temperature. The study concluded that the nature of land use / land cover patterns in Kampala have impacted its land surface with a corresponding increase in land surface temperature. It is expected that as the city expands further, the magnitude of the land surface temperature will also increase thereby affecting the living conditions of the urban populace.
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    Adapting lower secondary school spaces to the new Abridged Curriculum.
    (Makerere University, 2022-05-17) Sserubidde, Derrick
    The study conducted is on the topic “adaptation of lower secondary school spaces to the new abridged curriculum”, to be carried out in Buganda region, central Uganda mainly in Kampala district. The main objective of the study is derived by three objectives that is investigating the spatial qualities that are conducive for an SCL environment, determining the conduciveness of the current spaces on promoting the SCL concept and to derive measures that can be followed to enhance spaces to fit the SCL concept. Research methods that were employed include; a case study method with a selection a public school i.e. Lubiiri Secondary school in Kampala. Other methods include; review of existing Literature, reviewing SEED drawings by the Ministry of Education and Sports, interviews, discussions and observations were used. The findings of the study reveal that the current secondary spaces are inefficient in fostering the new abridged pedagogy, therefore a number of intervetions and adjustments need to be done in order to have these spaces adequate. The findings of this study will offer designers, planners and developers like the Ministry of Education and Sports an understanding of how to create an SCL environment that suits the new bridged curriculum. Some structures might need extensions, new furniture designs, among others.
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    Adaptive predictive neural network for brickwall production rates
    (Makerere University, 2023-06-30) Okello, Emmanuel
    The productivity of brickwork is an important factor in the construction industry, as it directly affects project timelines and costs. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the production rate of brickwork and various factors such as wall height, length, crew configuration and crew rates and area, wall length, height, area built, and the number of masons were the most influential factors. The data was collected from 30 different construction sites, and the production rate was measured in terms of square meters of wall constructed and also the square area of walls plastered per day. We used a Weibull distribution to model the data, as it is well-suited for handling censored data. The results showed a strong positive linear relationship between the production rate and wall height, length, and area, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in productivity. Furthermore, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the production rate of brickwork based on these factors, the R-squared value for training, validation, testing, and overall data instance mapping was 86.8%, 54.7%, 79.5%, and 84.9% respectively. The model architecture was composed of a neuron-hidden layer combination of 4 hidden layers and 9 neurons with an MSE of 0.053 signifying a 95% model accuracy The findings of this study can be used to improve the productivity of brickwork in construction projects and inform decision-making processes.
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    Adoption of agricultural land valuation practices among land owners in Kapchorwa district.
    (Makerere University, 2022-01-31) Cheptoek, Kerine
    Increased fluctuations in land prices in Uganda are attributable to limited access to land and property information. Additionally other factors such as quality of land, land productivity, land fragmentation and restrictions on land use and purchase lead to fluctuations of land prices. Fluctuation in land prices has been accelerated by dominance of middle men also known as agents in land transactions. As a consequence, land owners suffer losses. These losses could be attributable to lack of information about existence of professional valuation services for assets like land. To solve this problem, the study sought to determine the spatial distribution of registered land; assess effect of socio-economic characteristics of land owners on the adoption of land valuation and relationship between land tenure system and adoption of land valuation in Kapchorwa District. The objectives were achieved through questionnaire survey which involved picking location coordinates of the registered land using a Garmin type of GPS. In addition, demographics and household characteristics (such as income levels, education level, gender, distance of valued land from Kapchorwa town council among others) that were sought to influence professional valuations services were captured in the questionnaire survey. Registered land owners were identified with the help of Kapchorwa District Land Board and Local Council officials. All the registered land owners were surveyed because they were only 41 in total. The GPS data of registered land were used to generate a map showing the distribution of registered land using ArcGIS version 10.6.1 while the other household characteristics were analyzed using SPSS version 16. It was found that 68.29% of registered lands were situated within the town council. Twenty-two percent of registered land owners had valued land, and 66.7% of those who had valued land had their annual income above UGX. 1,000,000. Furthermore, 77.8% of those who had valued land had attended university/ tertiary institution. All those who had valued their land were male and owned land under freehold tenure system. There was generally low awareness of profession valuation services especially among women and land owners far away from Kapchorwa town council. The study recommended intensification of awareness on the advantages of professional valuation services among registered land owners in Kapchorwa District.
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    The adoption of damp-proof cream application as a remedial solution in preventing rising damp in Ugandan residential houses.
    (Makerere University, 2025-05) Apondo, Elisha Jonathan
    This study explores the adoption of damp-proof cream (DPC) as a remedial solution for rising damp in Ugandan residential houses, addressing the significant structural and aesthetic damage caused by absent or defective damp-proof courses. Rising damp, resulting from capillary action of groundwater through porous building materials, is worsened in Uganda by poor construction practices and substandard materials, rendering traditional remediation methods costly and often ineffective. The research seeks to evaluate current remediation practices, their limitations, and the potential of DPC as a cost-effective, less invasive alternative. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches for a comprehensive analysis. Data was collected via structured questionnaires from 90 construction professionals, including quantity surveyors, architects, and civil engineers, with 81 responses received, achieving a high response rate. The sample was calculated using Yamane’s formula to ensure professional representation. Descriptive statistical analysis, including means and frequencies, was conducted using SPSS version 25, with a 5-point Likert scale to assess perceptions. The Friedman test was used to compare effectiveness ratings of remediation techniques and DPC characteristics, confirming significant differences in professional evaluations. Findings reveal that traditional remediation practices, such as foundation reconstruction and rigid damp-proof course insertion, are prevalent due to familiarity but are only moderately effective and face challenges like high costs, labour intensity, and limited material availability. Less common methods, including chemical impregnation and active electro-osmosis, are hindered by inconsistent results and perceived ineffectiveness. While awareness of DPC is moderate, its practical use remains low, primarily due to barriers such as limited awareness, high costs, lack of skilled applicators, and resistance to new technology. However, professionals rate DPC highly for its cost, durability, structural integrity, ease of repair, and health and safety, and believe it can significantly enhance remediation practices, as supported by significant Friedman test results (p<0.001). The study concludes that the inefficiencies of traditional methods necessitate alternatives like D
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    The Adoption of Digital Data Management in Property Valuations within Kampala - Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2025-05) Wakabi, Sheba
    This study investigated the adoption of digital data management in property valuations in Kampala, Uganda. While global real estate markets increasingly utilize digital tools such as automated valuation models (AVMs), cloud computing and data lakes to improve accuracy and efficiency, many Ugandan valuation firms remain reliant on manual practices and fragmented data systems. The study used the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory to assess how and why adoption of such technologies has been slow, despite their potential benefits. A qualitative research approach was adopted, using a phenomenological design and purposive sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 valuation professionals from various firms. Thematic analysis revealed challenges at three levels, namely macro, meso and micro challenges all of which have a way of deterring the adoption of digital data management. Despite these challenges, the study identified key opportunities such as interest from younger valuers, potential cost savings and the growing relevance of secure digital platforms. A conceptual framework was developed to guide the adoption process, highlighting a phased and collaborative approach to implementation. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital transformation in real estate, particularly in developing countries. It provides practical insights for valuation professionals, policymakers and industry regulators seeking to modernize valuation practices and enhance transparency, reliability and efficiency in Uganda’s real estate market.
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    Adoption of land pooling as a strategy for slum upgrading in Kampala Case study: Kamwokya II
    (Makerere University, 2023-05) Talemwa, Kevin Julian
    The study focused on the adoption of land pooling as a slum upgrading technique and information was extracted from Kamwokya II a slum in Kampala that acted as the case study. The researcher developed a number of specific objectives that is (i) To identify the loopholes in the existing slum upgrading methods in Kampala, (ii) To determine the roles of stakeholders in slum upgrading in Kampala and lastly (iii) To evaluate the most appropriate land pooling strategy in Kampala. The purpose of the study was to provide a solution for the continued emerging slums in Kampala despite previously implemented techniques. A mixed research design was employed that involved the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. A sample of 177 respondents that compressed 135 slum dwellers, 10 Act Together Uganda Officials, 5 KCCA officials, 15 landlords, 7 Officials from the National Slum Dwellers Federation. The main data collection instruments were Questionnaires, Interview guides and document review. The collected data was then analyzed with the help of Excel and SPSS. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to test the statistical significant difference between the dependent variables and independent variables. The results showed that the dependent variables were statistically different for all respondent types, suggesting that each of the respondents think differently on how land pooling will solve the existing loopholes in slum upgrading. The results from the analysis were presented inform of tables and charts. The study revealed a number of loopholes in the existing slum upgrading techniques and the respondents showed that these loopholes were a challenge in this order from the most disturbing to the least depending on the average responses; High costs (1.62), Corruption among stakeholders (1.74), Poor coordination (1.76), Bureaucratic tendencies (1.86), Unfair compensation of stakeholders (2.00), Displacement of people (2.69). The results indicated that the success of any slum upgrading technique is highly reliant on how these challenges are handled. The study also revealed the roles that each of the slum dwellers play in a land pooling project. Slum dwellers did not have specific technical roles to play but rather were to offer a helping hand in the implementation stages of the project for example volunteering in construction, sanitation, etc. The biggest roles of landlords were, following up on the progress of the slum upgrading project, coordinating with government on compensation and availing their land for slum development. Two land pooling strategies were suggested that is; government becoming landlord through compensation, and the landlords agreeing to retain part of their land and giving the reminder to government and slum dwellers for development.
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    Adoption of Lidar Technology in the Valuation of Forest in Uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2023) Okwonga, Eric
    Forest valuation, a scientific discipline that emerged in the 18th century when forests and forest products became items of commerce, seeks the most accurate methods of field measurement and techniques. Traditional methods of forest valuation rely on ground-based surveys and sampling, which can be time-consuming, costly, and subject to error. With the advent of LiDAR technology, forest valuation can now be carried out with greater accuracy and efficiency. This study investigates the adoption of LiDAR technology in the valuation of forests in Uganda, focusing on tree height and diameter data collected through LiDAR scanning. The study aims to assess the potential benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of LiDAR technology and provide recommendations for its effective implementation. The research adopts a quantitative approach, analyzing a dataset consisting of 33,335 trees with heights ranging from 2 meters to 25 meters and diameters at breast height (DBH) ranging from 0.1 to 3.471 meters. The findings reveal valuable information about tree attributes and classify the trees into saw timber and pulpwood categories. The study identifies several challenges and limitations related to the adoption of LiDAR technology in forest valuation, including cost constraints, data availability, interpretation complexities, and lack of awareness of the public about LiDAR Technology. Despite these challenges, LiDAR technology offers great potential for accurate forest valuation in Uganda. The study concludes that addressing these challenges requires financial support, capacity building, improved data accessibility, customized analysis tools, and stakeholder collaboration. The key recommendations include Enhance Financial Support and Capacity Building. To overcome the cost barrier associated with LiDAR technology, I recommend that Makerere University through the government of Uganda allocate financial resources to support the acquisition, and operation of LiDAR equipment and software. Additionally, Makerere University in collaboration with Institution of Surveyors of Uganda should organize capacity-building programs, lectures and seminars to train Surveyors and students in LiDAR data acquisition, processing, interpretation, and analysis. This will help build a skilled workforce capable of effectively utilizing LiDAR technology for forest valuation. Key words: LiDAR; LiDAR Technology; DBH; CHM;
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    Adoption of technology for efficient property management in Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2022) Nimanywa, John Ricky
    This research aimed at assessing the adoption of technology for efficient property management in Kampala. The research gave an analysis of different property management technological tools and applications which included digital technologies like social media and websites, software like MDA property management systems, Turbo-tenant, Let-Hub among others. The study included assessing the rates at which the technologies had been adopted i.e., budgeting and forecasting software were adopted by 18.5% of property managers, lease tracking software by 25.9%, tenant portals by 33.3%, mobile applications by 25.9%, social media by 70.4% and websites by 74.1%. The rate of adoption of technology by property managers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic period was also assessed which revealed that 44.4% of respondents reported some improvement in technology adoption. Questionnaires and reviews of different literature were used to collect information pertaining the technologies and their levels of adoption by different property managers. The study considered 45 property managers as participants which in turn gave 27 responses making a 60% response rate. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used since the findings required both numerical and theoretical data. The descriptive approach was used to interpret the findings. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to assess efficiency in technology-enabled property management in cases where similar technologies were employed by different property managers basing on the most efficient property manager in the group. The study revealed that adoption of technology improves efficiency in property management. 46.2% of the respondents believed that if more technology is employed, there is a likelihood to have a competitive advantage over their counterparts with less technology adoption in performance of property management tasks. It was recommended that adopting more sophisticated technologies like Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) should be taken into consideration. Practical training in the technologies preferably at graduate school level was another recommendation. Further research in property management technology and property technology in general was also recommended.
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    Adoption of the hybrid technique in the property rating methodologies
    (Makerere University, 2023-05-14) Nakatambula, Oliver
    Uganda's property tax system is governed by the LGRA of 2005 as amended which provides the legal basis for the assessment, valuation, billing and collection of rates on different properties These property rates are levied on properties that are income generating and those that appear on valuation lists. However, there is a lot of tax avoidance since there is reliance on information that is provided by the tax payers.The main purpose of this study was to find out whether the techniques being used in assessing property rates are effective, to establish the existing gaps, to evaluate the costs and benefits of the proposed technique and to find out whether the proposed combination of techniques would solve the gaps in the current techniques that are used in assessing property rates. This research was conducted using questionnaires and interview guides plus the review of various literatures about the techniques used in property rating. The questionnaires and interview guides helped gather information from KCCA and MLHUD valuers since they are well versed with the assessment of property rates plus the tax payers (property owners). The information that was provided was further analyzed so as to make meaningful conclusions as to whether the combination of value-based techniques and area-based techniques would cover up the gaps that are in the current techniques that are used in the assessment of property rates.
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    Agricultural drought prediction using machine learning.
    (Makerere University, 2025) Muwanguzi, Paul
    This project develops a short-term agricultural drought prediction system for Uganda using satellite-derived Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) data and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning models. Monthly VCI data from Google Earth Engine (2000-2022) is used in time series analysis, including decomposition, autocorrelation, and Mann-Kendall tests, to identify seasonal drought patterns and long-term trends. A Bidirectional LSTM model is trained on gridded VCI data from 107 locations in Uganda to forecast drought conditions. The model achieves approximately 75% prediction accuracy (1 - normalized RMSE), demonstrating its ability to capture Uganda's characteristic seasonal patterns, evidenced by strong autocorrelation at 12-months lags. Resulting forecasts are used to generate drought severity maps and planting advisories, supporting an early warning system that provides timely recommendations to farmers on optimal planting windows. The system aims to enhance agricultural planning and mitigate drought impacts on food production and food security in Uganda.
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    Algae bloom detection and its spatial temporal change quantification in Lake Victoria.
    (Makerere University, 2021-12-23) Nkonte, Joshua Edgar
    Lake Victoria is an important geographic feature being the backbone of various economic activities such as fishing and agriculture. It is a source of water for consumption for very many people and supports the ecosystem in its region. Several difficulties exist in and around the lake environment, based on different causative factors. Inputs of nutrients into the lake, for example, has led to eutrophication and algae development. Lake Victoria's water quality has degraded drastically over the last few decades as a result of algal concentration in the water that has grown to noticeable quantities. (Njiru et al., 2008). For effective monitoring of massive algal blooms, a 2 weekly examination routine is recommended by the World Health Organisation. In situ-based sampling and laboratory tests on the other hand are expensive and time consuming and hence a better strategy that’s financially feasible and a good data collection method ought to be used. The few in situ observations of phytoplankton biomass make it difficult to also characterize the temporal and spatial variability of the cyanobacteria (algae) blooms. (Visitacion et al., 2019). This research therefore sought to explore the use of satellite imagery in monitoring algal blooms. The floating algae index is an ocean colour index that was engineered to detect floating algae in open ocean environments. ‘The FAI, defined as the difference between Rayleigh-corrected reflectance in the NIR and a baseline formed by the red and SWIR bands’ (Hu, 2009). It was utilized of the 10 area scenes to generate algal distribution layers and were then validated. In comparison to conventional methods where ocean colour is validated with in situ measurement, and sea surface temperature, it is complex to directly validate algal blooms from satellite data using field measurements. This is because of algae being patchy and it is complex to obtain near timely field recordings of the algal distribution. Accuracy assessment was carried out through comparison of the trends of algae processed in SNAP and visual inspection with high-resolution sentinel 2 sensor true colour and false colour imagery that had a spatial resolution of 10m (Visitacion et al., 2019). A total area of 2039.12km² of Lake Victoria north western shelf was evaluated in this algal spatial distribution study and constituted of 1sentinel image scene clipped to the lake area. The largest algal coverage was seen to constitute to 10.75% of the lake area under study. From sample points the highest algal concentration was extracted to be 0.0165 but from all general pixel statistics, it went as high as 0.5 as the FAI reading indicating thick algal scum. The largest algal change occurred between February to March. There was a temperature change of 0.7°C/k and a percentage algal change of 7.79% which further showed that algal growth is temperature dependent. However, when the correlation was evaluated, it showed a very low positive correlation i.e. R² = 0.0334. Several hotspots were obtained when hotspot analysis was conducted and constituted of Bunjako bay, Tonde bay, Nakiwogo, Gobero bay and port bell all flagged at a 95 - 99% confidence level as portrayed in Figure 4. This study therefore portrays and gives water authorities valuable information to conduct research on causative factors leading to rise in algal growth most especially next to Land masses.
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    Analysing the effect of sugarcane production on household food security using GIS and remote sensing: a case study of Iganga District
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Kayindi, Robert
    Sugarcane production has been on the rise in Uganda in the past few years and the cultivated area has dramatically increased in Eastern Uganda. As the processors’ internal production capacity became insufficient to meet their processing needs, they enlisted smallholder farmers to serve as out-growers. This led to a tremendous increase in the number of out-growers that saw sugarcane production as a viable economic activity. However, there remains a death of information on how sugarcane production is influencing household food security in the iganga district. This study assessed the spatial pattern change in land use from food production to sugarcane production from 2000 to 2022 and assess its effect on food security using remote sensing and GIS in Iganga district. Specifically, the study; (i) assessed the spatial-temporal patterns of sugarcane production in Iganga district; (ii) determine the extent to which agricultural land have been converted to sugarcane production in Iganga district; (iii) determine the relationship between sugarcane production and household food security The study utilized a combination of remote sensing GIS and a cross-sectional survey to collect the required data. Geo-spatial analysis including the use of supervised and unsupervised classification, descriptive analysis, and multinomial logistic regression was utilized in the data analysis. Results showed that sugarcane growing areas have increased by 15 fold over the 20 year period of analysis because people see it as a viable business to remove them from poverty. This is because much of the land had been taken up by sugarcane growing leaving small plots for food crops. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that there is need to pass an ordinance to encourage people owning land less than five acres to practice mixed farming, crop diversification and using modern scientific methods of farming.
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    Analysing the effect of urban sprawl on land use change in Uganda in relation to achieving sustainable development goal 11.
    (Makerere University, 2022-10-20) Kizito, Ronald Jovan
    Urban sprawl is one of the major results of changes resulting from population growth in urban centers. Like most countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Uganda is experiencing a high rate of urbanization estimated at 5.2% per annum. Kampala city is growing rapidly at a rate of 3.9% per year, with an estimated workforce of 4.5 million people and much of this urbanization has been unplanned. The city is undergoing massive unplanned land use changes caused by political, social, economic and environmental push and pull factors. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of urban sprawl on the land use change in Uganda in relation to achieving sustainable development goal 11, which aims at making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This research employed a mixed methods design of research. Its aim was to examine the variables of the research and analyze the findings, as well as explain theories and draw conclusions based on findings. A descriptive research study was used in this research because it enables generalization of findings of the study to a larger population. The study population was Kampala city and a purposive sampling strategy was used. Qualitative data collection methods used in the research included secondary data such as shapefiles from KCCA and NFA, semi-structured interviews guided by questionnaires whereas quantitative data collection methods used in the research included GIS analyses. There have been a lot of changes in the land uses however in the time period 2010- 2017, with subsistence farmland experiencing the largest changes. Urban sprawl, changes in land-use in the suburbs of Kampala City have contributed positively to environmental degradation. The overall threat of urban sprawl in Kampala city is negative, ultimately resulting in ecosystem damages. The increase in built-up areas is an ecosystem damage because it has led to negative impacts such as massive road congestion, pollution, unsustainable land development, a decrease in public spaces/parks and increased pressure on public services. Consequently, residents of the Kampala city are likely to experience health problems as a result of pollution, whereas the unsustainable land development and poor access to public spaces denies residents of cultural ecosystems services.
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    Analysing the impact of adherence to occupational safety and health regulations to the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry in Uganda
    (Kampala, Makerere University, 2018-05-21) Mpamize, Douglas
    This study analyzed the impact of adherence to occupational safety and health regulations to the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry in Uganda. The construction industry in Uganda is characterized by numerous occurrences of accidents. Some accidents are minor, others are incapacitating whereas others are fatal. Accident occurrence in the construction industry is a result of combined causes which vary from negligence of employers and employees, poor use and storage of dangerous materials, ignorance in the use of machinery, unforeseeable factors like underground electrocution and ditches as well as not complying with the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations. Accidents may occur in form of falling debris, cuts, inhalation of toxic substances as well as epidemics due to unhygienic work environment. Consequently, the occurrence of accidents in the construction industry leads to loss of time, increased costs on health and safety as well as loss of lives at the worst case scenario. This is a big concern to the general public seeing that the construction industry employs a significant percentage of the formal and informal labor force. This study therefore aimed at determining the degree of adherence to occupational safety and health regulations, the frequency of occurrence of accidents in the Construction Industry in Uganda and thus examining the relationship between the degree of adherence to Occupational Safety and health regulations and the frequency of occurrence of accidents in the Construction Industry in Uganda. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection and analysis. Stratified random sampling was used to select 30 construction sites out of the probable 270 construction projects which the Kampala Capital City Authority commissioned for the financial year 2017/2018 in the 3 divisions where the study was focused. The study involved the use of questionnaires and observation schedules to collect the data required to answer the objective questions of this research. Questionnaires were administered to project managers, site engineers, safety workers and lead foremen where appropriate. Observation was done when there was active construction on those particular sites where questionnaires were administered. All the information used in this study is primary information.
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    Analysing the relationship between linear shrinkage and swell of soaked CBR Samples
    ( 2020-12) Mulindwa, Marvin
    The behavior of clays is very critical in many engineering works, tests on the soils are carried out before a project is started to know their behavior and which methods of construction would be employed depending on the structure to be constructed and the treatment methods to employ to make the ground bear the loads. Atterberg’s limits are used in the classification tests for soils. Highly plastic results obtained during the Atterberg’s limit tests are indicator of the type of fine soils and in order to obtain the percentage of clays in the sample, the hydrometer test is carried out. The soil tests in engineering purposes also include the compaction tests and these include the MDD (maximum dry density test) or proctor test and the CBR (California bearing ratio test) which are used in obtaining the optimum moisture content which should be present in the soils to obtain the maximum compaction and the bearing capacity or strength of the soil respectively. The cost of the capacitation tests in comparison to Atterberg’s limits test is so high. The focus of this study is to find out a basis of sorting out samples from borrow pits that would produce required CBR results and without exceeding the maximum specified swell of soaked CBR sample according to the specification in ministry of works and transport manual by first carrying out Atterberg’s tests a cheaper test before carrying on with a more Expensive test, the CBR test.
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