Effect of tea growing on conservation of Kibale National Park ecosystem in Kiko Town Council, Kabarole District, Western Uganda
Abstract
Tea production is a major source of income for rural communities living near Kibale National Park, a vital biodiversity hotspot in western Uganda. However, the rapid expansion of tea cultivation around the park boundaries raises significant concerns about its impacts on the park's sensitive ecological system. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of the effects of commercial tea cultivation on the forest ecosystems adjacent to Kibale National Park. The three specific objectives were: to assess the effects of tea growing on tree species growing on the park boundary, to assess the attitude of the adjacent households towards the conservation of the park’s ecosystem, and to examine the challenges faced by tea growers because of the park’s existence. The study was conducted in the communities neighboring Kibale National Park, located in Kiko Town Council, Kabarole District. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving field surveys, household interviews, and the establishment of plots in the forest. The results revealed that the expansion of tea cultivation has led to a notable increase in tree species damage and a decline in seedling regeneration along the park boundary. Many farmer households viewed tea cultivation as an important source of income, but also expressed concerns about its negative impacts on the park's fragile ecosystem. Tea growers faced significant challenges, including crop raiding by wildlife and lack of compensation by the park’s management whenever damages occurred. The study highlighted the trade-offs between economic development through tea cultivation and the conservation of Kibale National Park's rich biodiversity. It recommended the development and promotion of sustainable tea production practices, strengthening community engagement in park management, and exploring alternative livelihood options to balance the needs of conservation and local economic development. The findings can inform policy and management decisions to ensure the long-term ecological integrity of the park while supporting the economic welfare of the adjacent communities.