Effects of household demographic attributes on the choice of on-farm tree species diversity: A case of Namisuni Sub-County, Bulambuli District - Uganda

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of household demographic attributes on the choice and diversity of on-farm tree species among subsistence farmers in Namisuni Sub-county, Bulambuli District. The research was guided by three objectives: To determine the diversity of on-farm tree species, to examine household demographic factors influencing tree species choice, and to assess the relationship between household demographics and tree species diversity. A total of 80 households were selected through stratified random sampling, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic information and tree diversity patterns, while logistic regression was applied to assess relationships between household variables and tree selection. The findings revealed that all respondents (100%) had trees on their farmland, with Eucalyptus grandis being the most commonly planted species (44.4%), followed by Mangifera indica (12.3%) and Cordia africana (7.4%). Most of the farmers (52.0%) had planted the trees themselves, while 45.0% had trees established through both planting and retaining naturally growing seedlings. Only 3.0% of farmers reported retaining trees without planting. The most common source of seedlings was purchase from nurseries (38.8%), while 26.3% raised their own through home nurseries. Tree planting was primarily driven by the need for building materials (28.8%), income generation (26.3%), and firewood (23.8%). However, farmers also faced significant challenges, notably land shortage (50.0%), poor timber market prices, and seedling shortages. Additionally, the majority of respondents (63.0%) reported not receiving any advice on tree planting or maintenance, highlighting the need for improved extension support. The study concludes that while on-farm tree planting is widely practiced, household demographic factors do not significantly shape the patterns of species selection and diversity. Addressing resource constraints and enhancing advisory services could further promote agroforestry and sustainable land use in the region.