An investigation into the bottlenecks affecting traffic flow along the Northern Bypass at the Busega roundabout.

Abstract

Urbanization and rapid population growth in Kampala have placed significant pressure on the city’s road network, leading to severe congestion, particularly at the Northern Bypass roundabout in Busega. This study investigated the causes, impacts, and possible solutions to traffic bottlenecks at this critical transportation intersection. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including traffic volume analysis, surveys, and stakeholder interviews, the research provided a comprehensive examination of the factors contributing to congestion and explores strategic solutions. Chapter one introduced the study by highlighting the significance of transport systems in urban planning and development. It contextualized the study within the broader challenge of congestion in Kampala, particularly at the Busega Roundabout, which has become a major choke point due to increasing vehicular volume and inadequate infrastructure. The chapter outlined the research problem, objectives, and scope, which focused on identifying bottlenecks, assessed their impacts, and proposed viable mitigation strategies. Chapter two presents a literature review that examined global and local perspectives on traffic congestion and bottlenecks at roundabouts. It defined key concepts such as traffic flow efficiency, congestion, and urban mobility while reviewing case studies, including the I-405 freeway in Los Angeles. The chapter also identified gaps in existing research and underscores the need for location-specific interventions that consider Kampala’s urban dynamics, road design issues, and driver behavior. Chapter three detailed the methodology employed in the study. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was utilized, including traffic counts, travel time analysis, surveys, and key informant interviews with transport officials, road users, and local business owners. The study adopted a structured sampling approach, ensuring diverse stakeholder representation. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and data confidentiality were also observed. Chapter four presents data analysis and discussions. The findings reveal that congestion at the Busega Roundabout stemmed from structural deficiencies, high traffic volumes, inefficient traffic control mechanisms, and behavioral factors such as non-compliance with traffic regulations. Poor road design, inadequate pedestrian infrastructure, and unregulated roadside activities exacerbate the problem. The study identified significant economic, environmental, and social impacts, including increased travel times, higher fuel consumption, pollution, and road safety risks. The unpredictability of congestion has also negatively affected emergency response times and business operations. Chapter five focused on proposed solutions and recommendations. These include infrastructure redesign through lane expansions, improved signage, and the introduction of traffic signal controls to enhance flow management. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) such as real-time traffic monitoring and adaptive signal control are also recommended to optimize vehicle movement. Land use planning and zoning reforms are also emphasized, with proposals for decentralizing high-intensity activities and encouraging mixed-use development to reduce travel demand. Additionally, behavioral change initiatives such as public awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of traffic laws are suggested. The study concluded that addressing traffic bottlenecks at the Busega roundabout requires a multi-faceted approach integrating infrastructure improvement, policy interventions, and technology-driven solutions. By implementing these recommendations, Kampala can enhance ix urban mobility, reduce congestion-related economic losses, and improve the quality of life for road users. The findings contribute to urban planning discourse and offer practical guidance for policymakers, engineers, and urban planners working to enhance transportation efficiency