Knowledge and attributes towards sexually transmitted diseases among university students (young adults): a case study of Makerere University

Abstract

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) pose a significant public health challenge, particularly among young adults, including university students. This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes towards STDs among students at Makerere University. The main objective was to explore the perspectives of students disaggregated by sex, with specific objectives examining the influence of demographic, educational, behavioral, and psychological factors on STD knowledge. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 160 students, utilizing structured questionnaires to collect data on demographics, knowledge levels, and attitudes towards STDs. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were employed to determine the relationships between various factors and STD knowledge. The study revealed that gender does not significantly influence STD knowledge, with similar levels of high knowledge among females (25.0%) and males (23.8%) (χ² = 0.069, p = 0.966). No significant association was found between religion and STD knowledge (χ² = 13.780, p = 0.088). However, place of residence was significantly related to knowledge levels, with hostel residents exhibiting the highest knowledge (χ² = 14.412, p = 0.025). Age was also a significant factor, with older students showing greater knowledge (χ² = 27.141, p = 0.018). The majority of students (53.8%) had medium knowledge about STDs, indicating a gap in awareness about less common STDs like Candida and Chlamydia. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Makerere University enhance its comprehensive sexual health education programs to include a broader range of STDs and address specific knowledge gaps. Tailored interventions should be developed to target different age groups, considering the significant impact of age on knowledge levels. Utilizing communal living settings for peer-led workshops and discussions can further improve STD knowledge. Regular assessments and leveraging online platforms for disseminating sexual health information are essential for sustaining and enhancing students' knowledge and attitudes towards STDs.