Factors associated with high infant mortality rate among children under 5 years in Uganda : a case study of Busoga Region

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing infant mortality in Uganda, focusing on caregiver characteristics, education, literacy, household assets, and health-related behaviors. The study was motivated by Uganda’s high infant mortality rate, which remains a critical issue despite numerous interventions. The objectives of this research were to examine the relationship between child’s demographic factors, socio-economic status, health practices, and infant mortality rates. Specifically, this study explored variables such as age, education level, literacy, and the use of mosquito nets, among others. A bivariate and logistic regression analysis was employed on data from a nationally representative sample of 15,522 households to determine the key determinants of infant mortality in Uganda. The results indicate that several factors significantly influence infant mortality. Children of caregivers aged 25-29 years showed higher odds of mortality (OR = 0.794, p = 0.078), while education level was a significant factor; caregivers with no education were nearly three times more likely to experience infant mortality (OR = 2.88, p < 0.001). Literacy was another critical factor, with caregivers who could read a whole sentence having significantly lower odds of infant mortality (OR = 0.779, p = 0.04). Additionally, children sleeping under mosquito nets had a significantly lower risk of mortality (OR = 0.048, p < 0.001). Other factors such as smoking and the usage of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) also showed associations with child survival, highlighting the importance of health interventions in reducing infant deaths. Based on the findings, this study concludes that improving maternal education, increasing access to health services like ORS, and promoting the use of mosquito nets are essential for reducing infant mortality. Recommendations include strengthening literacy programs for caregivers, expanding health education campaigns, and improving the distribution of mosquito nets. The study also identifies gaps in existing literature, particularly in understanding the role of cultural factors and regional disparities in influencing infant mortality, suggesting these as areas for further research.