Assessment of opportunities and challenges in developing cultural tourism in Biharwe Division, Mbarara City

Abstract

This study assessed the resources, opportunities and challenges for developing cultural tourism in Biharwe Division, Mbarara City, to promote sustainable community development and heritage preservation. The research addressed the limited literature on cultural tourism resources, opportunities, and barriers in Mbarara District, focusing on three key sites: Igongo Cultural Center, Rwenjeru Community Campsite, and Katerananga-Biharwe Healing Center. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 58 local community members and 37 cultural center staff through semi-structured questionnaires between 19th and 22nd June 2025. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings revealed a rich portfolio of cultural resources, with cultural performances (52.8%) and the museum (36.1%) being the most prominent and attractive, respectively, with 97.3% of respondents noting daily tourist engagement. Opportunities included strategic location (20.0%), private sponsorship (55.6%), and cultural performances (25.7%), while challenges included poor infrastructure (56.9%), inadequate government support (48.3%), and insecurity (25.9%). The study concluded that Biharwe’s cultural assets offer significant potential for experiential tourism, though infrastructure deficits and limited marketing hinder growth. I recommend upgrading access roads, operationalizing the National Culture Policy, enhancing digital marketing, and strengthening community-based tourism models to ensure economic benefits and cultural preservation.