Impact of Landslides on Smallholder Famers’ Livelihoods in Bubukwanga Sub County, Bundibugyo District

Abstract

Landslides are among the most damaging natural hazards in mountainous areas around the world (Corominas et al., 2014) and they are expected to occur in future under the same circumstances that caused them in the past (Giuseppe et al., 2016). The natural disaster contributes to some of most devastating impacts including loss of human lives, properties and infrastructure in many parts around the globe (Chen et al., 2018). Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, other factors such as climate change and human activities drive increases in the failures of mounds and may exacerbate this hazard further in the future Luo et al., (2019). These factors have been studied to affect slope stability and hence act as a trigger for landslides. Typically, they (pre-conditional factors) build up specific surface or sub-surface conditions that make the slope prone to failure. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of mass wasting which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. In the world, they exist in the following areas; South West Utah Wyoming, Calabria, British Columbia, Switzerland, Salerno, Amalfi Coast, Longeron, Italy, Poshan Road landslide-Hong Kong among others. Landslides are life-threatening events that can make it seem as though the world we live upon is crumbling around us (Bankoff