Contributions of community based ecotourism activities to financial and physical livelihoods capital assets in Rushaga around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the contribution of Community Based Eco-Tourism (CBET) activities to the financial and physical livelihood assets of local residents in Rushaga village who are located adjacent to the southern sector of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. The study explored how CBET initiatives such as portering, guiding, handicraft making and cultural performances influence household income, access to credit, infrastructure, shelter, energy and tools for production. A sample of 88 respondents was selected using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. The findings revealed that CBET plays an important role in improving financial capital through employment and income generating opportunities. Many respondents reported increased income, improved saving culture as well as access to group savings, SACCOs and small scale loans. However, physical livelihood assets remain underdeveloped with many households still lacking access to clean water, reliable energy and improved sanitation facilities like pit latrines and waste management. The study concludes that although CBET contributes significantly to household financial wellbeing, its impact on physical assets is still limited. There is a need for addressing challenges such as uneven distribution of benefits, underdeveloped infrastructure and limited community capacity building. The study recommends expanding access to financial services, promoting skills development and capacity building, encouraging livelihood diversification and investing in physical infrastructure to enhance sustainable livelihoods in Rushaga.