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dc.contributor.authorBamuturaki, Christopher Bukenya
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-11T06:54:31Z
dc.date.available2022-05-11T06:54:31Z
dc.date.issued2022-03
dc.identifier.citationBamuturaki, B.C. (2022). Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in e. coli and k. pneuoniae isolates from Mulago National Referral Hospital (Unpublished Undergraduate dissertation ). Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12281/12338
dc.descriptionA Dissertation submitted to the College of Health Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences of Makerere University.en_US
dc.description.abstractExtended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are most often a plasmid-mediated heterogeneous group of β-lactamase enzymes, that confer resistance to a wide range of commonly used β-lactam antibiotics including third-generation cephalosporins e.g., ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime or cefepime due to the ability to hydrolyze these oxyimino- β-lactam antibiotics. High resistance patterns have been reported among the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized patients with Enterobacteriaceae caused infections. However, little is known of the recent prevalence of these ESBL genes among isolates, particularly in Uganda hospital settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Mulago National Referral Hospital. It was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates from rectal swabs from Mulago National Referral Hospital. We recovered 30 isolates, subcultured them and antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were done on them for selected penicillin, third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics. 9 sample isolates with significant resistance against these antibiotics had their DNA extracted by boiling lysis method, PCR was then run for 2 ESBL genes and finally, gel electrophoresis runs to assess the quality of PCR products. From the antibiotic susceptibility tests done, significant resistance was seen in 9 samples. 9 samples (30%) of all the 30 samples used were resistant to ampicillin, 7 samples (23.3%) of all were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone cephalosporins, 8 (26.6%) were resistant to cefuroxime, 1 sample (3.3%) was resistant to imipenem and meropenem and finally, 4 (13.3%) samples were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam. Results after running PCR for ESBL genes showed that 7(77.7%) of the 9 samples were positive for the CTX-MU gene and 4(44.4 %) were positive for the TEM gene. The presence of ESBL genes, CTX-MU and TEM is a major contrib-uting factor to resistance against third-generation cephalosporins which were originally the best choice treatment against E. coli and K. pneumoniae caused resistant infections. This is close to what other studies globally discovered as well with the CTX- MU gene being the prominent gene among ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenems are still the best candidates to treat against highly resistant ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae caused infections. This work shows a very fast spread of resistance patterns to the commonly used third-generation cephalosporins and so recommends better diagnosis and AST techniques to be applied before drug administration for infection control.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMakerere Universityen_US
dc.subjectExtended-spectrumen_US
dc.subjectBeta-lactamasesen_US
dc.subjectPlasmid-mediated heterogeneousen_US
dc.subjectβ-lactamase enzymesen_US
dc.subjectEnzymesen_US
dc.titlePrevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in e. coli and k. pneumoniae isolates from Mulago National Referral hospital.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US


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