Investigation of the factors that affect water bills in Makerere University.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors that affect water bills in Makerere University, located in Kampala, Uganda, identifying the variations, their causes, impact and also propose what could be done to make positive adjustments to the bills. The report outlines a comprehensive methodology that was used in investigating the factors affecting water bills in the university. The specific objectives of this study were to analyze the variations in the water bills, determine the causes of these variations, evaluate the impact of these causes on the bills, and recommend methods for reducing the university’s bill. A mixed research method was adopted, involving the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The study focused on the university population, including students, staff, and other businesses within the campus. The primary data sources included interviews with key informants and observations of water usage and management practices. Secondary data was gathered from water bill records and other relevant documents. The findings revealed that the main sources of water wastage were broken taps, loosely closed taps, and showers in the halls of residence. The study also analysed the monthly water consumption patterns since 2019, indicating variations throughout the year and the impact of holidays and lockdowns on water usage. The year with the highest water consumption was 2022, with a total consumption value of 459441M3. Additionally, the research identified the highest and lowest water wastage values. The highest recorded water wastage value was observed in University Hall, with a water wastage of 207.5002357m3. Conversely, the lowest recorded water wastage value was in Complex Hall, with no visible leakage found. The study provided recommendations to modify user behaviour, improve maintenance practices, replace taps, and enhance the metering system to address water wastage. By implementing these measures, Makerere University can reduce water bills, conserve resources, and promote sustainable water management practices. However, there were limitations to data collection and analysis, including limited access to data, data quality concerns, time constraints, and privacy considerations. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing water wastage to achieve cost savings and responsible water management in Makerere University.