School of Biosecurity, Biotechnolgy and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS) Collection
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ItemPrevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy attending Mbarara Municipal Council Health Centre IV(Makerere University, 2022)The development of antiretroviral drugs and subsequent access to combined antiretroviral therapy contributes to the decline in morbidity and mortality rates associated with AIDS, resulting in an increased life expectancy and improved quality of life for people living with HIV. However, a cluster of metabolic derangements such as dyslipidemia is increasing, especially for those on ART. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors among HIV patients taking ART attending Mbarara Municipal Council Health Center IV.
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ItemPrevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in women attending Stopes Hospital and Maternity, Lugogo, Kampala(Makerere University, 2023)Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease in which the required amount of insulin is not produced by the body or insulin is not properly used by the body, resulting in excessively high blood sugar (glucose) levels which is a common condition among pregnant women. A total of participants; N=194 pregnant women were enrolled into the study and 17(8.8%) had GDM. The mean age of study participants was 28.90 (SD 4.55) years; range 19 to 44 years. The results confirmed age 30 to 32 years, 36 to 38 years and 39 to 41, literate, multiparty with more than 5 live children, and second trimester pregnancy as independent risk factors for GDM prevalence. The age group 30 to 32 years and 36 to 38years showed a positive correlation with abnormal results for gestational diabetes mellitus at at 2.8% OR 0.25 [95%CI -1.80-2.31] Pvalue0.001*.15.4% OR 2.01[95% CI 0.42-3.61] P value0.025*, and 50.0% OR 11.67 [95%CI 9.64-13.70] P value0.001*relatively.
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ItemAscaris lumbricoides occurrence and risk factors among children (0-15 years) attending Bugembe HCIV, Jinja City(Makerere University, 2025)This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection and identify the social, demographic, and environmental factors associated with the infection among children aged 0–15 years attending Bugembe Health Centre IV in Jinja City, Uganda. The findings revealed that 38% of the children tested positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, indicating a relatively high burden of infection in the area. This level of prevalence is comparable to similar studies done in Tanzania and Rwanda but higher than those found in other regions of Uganda. The results also showed that children under five years of age were more likely to be infected compared to older children. Male children had a higher infection rate than females, and children whose caregivers were male or had no formal education were significantly more affected. Environmental and behavioral factors such as not having access to a toilet, failure to wash hands with soap before meals, and after using the toilet were also strongly linked to the presence of infection. These findings suggest that both biological vulnerability and poor household sanitation contribute to the spread of Ascaris lumbricoides among children. The results support earlier research from other low-resource settings, which also identified lack of education, overcrowding, and poor hygiene as key risk factors. The study concludes that in order to reduce the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in this population, it is essential to improve access to clean water, sanitation facilities, and promote hygiene education. Regular deworming programs should also be strengthened, particularly targeting younger children and households with lower levels of education and poor sanitation. Without addressing these underlying issues, children in this community will remain at high risk of infection, which may affect their growth, development, and overall well-being.
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ItemPrevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among Type II Diabete Mellitus patients attending Mayuge District Health Centre IV, Mayuge District(Makerere University, 2026)Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Its co-existence with diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and death. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among individuals with type II diabetes mellitus among patients attending Mayuge Health Centre IV in Mayuge District Eastern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2025 involving 315 individuals aged 18 years and above with type II diabetes mellitus, who were receiving care at Mayuge District Health Centre IV in Mayuge District. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using the WHO STEPS survey tool for non-communicable diseases and analyzed using version 27 of SPSS. A multiple logistic regression model was employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with hypertension, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Among the 315 respondents, the mean age was 58.62 ± 10.8 years, and 58.4% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 55.2%, and it was independently associated with older age—specifically, individuals aged 60–69 years (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.14–6.64, p = 0.02) and those aged 70 years or older (OR = 5.61, 95% CI: 1.65–19.04). Additional significant associations included a history of cigarette smoking (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.25–12.72) and a history of ischemic heart disease (OR = 16.86, 95% CI: 2.03– 140.3). The finding that over half of individuals with diabetes had co-existing hypertension highlights the need for routine and regular blood pressure monitoring in diabetic clinics. Particular attention should be directed toward older adults (≥60 years), smokers, and those with a history of ischemic heart disease to facilitate early prevention and effective management of complications related to both diabetes and hypertension.
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ItemPersonnel hygiene of food handlers in Kampala : a case study of canteen staff in and around Makerere University(Makerere University, 2025)This study assessed personnel hygiene practices among food handlers in canteens around Makerere University, Kampala, focusing on bacterial contamination risks. Using a cross-sectional design, 96 food handlers were sampled via stratified random sampling. Hand and apron swabs were collected and analyzed for total aerobic plate count, coliforms, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. A structured questionnaire captured hygiene practices and risk factors. Findings revealed significant contamination risks, with 59.38% of handlers lacking food safety training and 53.13% rarely wearing aprons. Improper handwashing methods (e.g., water-only use) increased contamination (p < 0.01), while trained handlers exhibited better hygiene (p < 0.01). Regression analysis confirmed that frequent handwashing reduced contamination (p = 0.033), whereas glove misuse increased risks (p < 0.01). The study highlights urgent needs for hygiene training, stricter apron policies, and improved handwashing infrastructure to mitigate foodborne disease risks in institutional eateries.