Academic submissions (CEDAT)

Permanent URI for this collection

https://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/4085

Browse

Browsing Academic submissions (CEDAT) by Issue Date

Jump to a point in the index:
Now showing 1 – 20 of 519
  • Item
    An investigation into the barriers and facilitators of walkability in the eastern part of Kampala Central Business District
    (Makerere University, 2017) Katureebe, Apollo
    Walking is seemingly a forgotten mode of transport and consequently few analytical techniques are available to help practitioners identify low standard walking environments. Providing accessibility to the transport network for all groups of the community is vitally important. For most groups of the community severed from easy accessibility i.e young, old and mobility impaired, walking provides the first, last and often the only mode of transport. Other functions that walking aids include community involvement, health, and recreation are all affected by low quality walking environments. In Uganda, walking is the oldest and basic form of transportation as it provides mobility to over 70 percent of the population (Ministry of transport), especially the poor who are unable to meet other alternatives, however the transport infrastructures are more biased to motorized traffic rather than part of the public realm for pedestrian experience. This calls for an investigation into the barriers and facilitators of walkability. The general objective of the study was to assess the barriers and facilitators of walkability in the Eastern part of Kampala CBD. The specific objectives included; investigating attitude and perception of people towards walking, identifying the importance of walking as a mode of transport and developing strategies and recommendations to enhance walkability. The researcher collected data from 47 respondents of whom 2 were purposively selected and 45 were randomly selected from pedestrians along the three networks of Jinja road, Wampewo avenue and Old port bell road. Data was collected using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires as well as analysis of secondary data sources. The study concludes that walking should be given much attention as another mode of transport which has to be incorporated in the resultant designs since it consumes no fuel, very cheap, helps to promote physical exercises and above all helps to reduce traffic congestion in the city. ABSTRACT Walking is seemingly a forgotten mode of transport and consequently few analytical techniques are available to help practitioners identify low standard walking environments. Providing accessibility to the transport network for all groups of the community is vitally important. For most groups of the community severed from easy accessibility i.e young, old and mobility impaired, walking provides the first, last and often the only mode of transport. Other functions that walking aids include community involvement, health, and recreation are all affected by low quality walking environments. In Uganda, walking is the oldest and basic form of transportation as it provides mobility to over 70 percent of the population (Ministry of transport), especially the poor who are unable to meet other alternatives, however the transport infrastructures are more biased to motorized traffic rather than part of the public realm for pedestrian experience. This calls for an investigation into the barriers and facilitators of walkability. The general objective of the study was to assess the barriers and facilitators of walkability in the Eastern part of Kampala CBD. The specific objectives included; investigating attitude and perception of people towards walking, identifying the importance of walking as a mode of transport and developing strategies and recommendations to enhance walkability. The researcher collected data from 47 respondents of whom 2 were purposively selected and 45 were randomly selected from pedestrians along the three networks of Jinja road, Wampewo avenue and Old port bell road. Data was collected using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires as well as analysis of secondary data sources. The study concludes that walking should be given much attention as another mode of transport which has to be incorporated in the resultant designs since it consumes no fuel, very cheap, helps to promote physical exercises and above all helps to reduce traffic congestion in the city.
  • Item
    Suitability of the C-RAN model for future dense networks
    (Makerere University, 2017) Sanyu, Immaculate
    C-RAN is an acronym for Cloud Radio Access Network which consists of a Centralized baseband pool, real-time Cloud computing, Collaborative radio and a clean system. The main idea is of a system architecture that can cope with the rapid development of mobile networks and accommodate next-generation networks advanced features, as well as the increasing demands for capacity and coverage. This report provides a comprehensive analysis on the suitability of a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) model for future dense networks. The objectives of the report are to analyze the Capacity, Coverage and Energy Efficiency of a C-RAN model in comparison to that of the Traditional Network (T-RAN). This analysis focuses on the results obtained from simulation of the models using MATLAB software, comparing the results obtained from the T-RAN implementation to those of the C-RAN. This report offers a complete and objective view about C-RAN in order to assess how suitable it could be for the expanding Radio Access Network.
  • Item
    Assessing the role of spatial planning in conserving public green spaces in Bugiri Municipal Council, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2017-02) Okongo, Boneventure
    This study explores the roles of spatial planning in conserving public green spaces. An estimation survey has been conducted on public green spaces within Bugiri Municipality, to find out public perceptions toward public green spaces. This research seeks to stimulate discussions as well as to provide a survey of both existing and depleted public green spaces within Bugiri Municipality, and it would also hope to serve as an indicator for planning a new public green space development program to provide aesthetically magnificent physical and psychological environment for the urban dwellers. The research has revealed the current usage of public green spaces, reasons leading to encroachment and people's perception towards conservation of public green spaces. A total of 70 randomly selected respondents were surveyed. Interviews with semi-structured questionnaire were conducted with visitors in prominent public green spaces within Bugiri Municipality.
  • Item
    Investigating the impact of lack of maintenance on gravel roads in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2017-04) Kiiza, Bernadetta
    In Uganda today, 80 % gravel (unpaved) roads of the estimated 21,000 km of national road network are in the state of disrepair due to the outmoded maintenance practice combined with minimal funding leading to progressive decline in stock of good roads. Out of the UGX 3 Trillion allocated to the road sub sector in the financial year 2015/16, only a total budget of 417 billion was allocated for road maintenance and the remaining UGX 50.8 billion was not released by the URF disrupting and constraining progress of the road maintenance work plan leaving UNRA with an outstanding debt of UGX 30.25 billion on the road maintenance Programme by the close of the year to be catered for in the new financial year (FY). Because of the amount of money given to UNRA by the Government of Uganda (GoU) and the Uganda Road Fund (URF) for road development and maintenance being insufficient given the ever-increasing need for road maintenance (UNRA,2017) has led to many of the gravel roads remaining in the category of fair to poor condition (UNRA, 2016). Poor geometric designs, increasing traffic volumes, poor quality materials and lack of implementation of road maintenance intervention are some of the factors that have contributed to poor gravel road conditions. Therefore there is need to determine the extent to which lack of maintenance affects gravel road deterioration hence the need for this study.
  • Item
    Challenges of physical planning; a case study of kanoni town council
    (Makerere University, 2017-05-15) Nakajja, Irene
    This research is a partial fulfillment for the award of a bachelor’s degree in Urban and Regional planning at Makerere University. And it was carried by the researcher under the guidance of the supervisor. The research was carried out in the Central Region of Uganda, Kanoni Town Council is in Gomba District and the research was mainly in Kanoni ward. The research was looking at the challenges of Physical planning in Kanoni Town Council right from the initial stage of the process, to the final stage of implementation. Recommendations have been listed basing on the research findings on how best physical planning challenges can be tackled.
  • Item
    Assessing the livelihoods of slum dwellers in old, upgraded and new informal settlements in Kampala city and their impact on physical planning: A case study of Kisugu-Namuwongo area
    (Makerere University, 2017-09) Niwahereza, Anna
    The report also constitutes study findings of a field research carried out in March 2017 guided by these central questions: -1. How the residents ended up living in Namuwongo upgraded slum Kisugu old slum and the new slum Soweto? ; 2. What are the sources of livelihood for the slum dwellers in the study area? ; 3. What are the livelihood challenges of households in the Namuwongo, Kisugu and Soweto slums? ; 4. What are strategies and approaches for improving slums and preventing their formation in the study area? The study employed secondary data from literature review for theoretical framework development and field study tools. Purposive sampling and Stratified random sampling techniques were used in the case of physical planning department staff in Makindye Division and Soweto, Namuwongo, Kisugu residents whose sample sizes were 2 and 60 respectively. The study also employed case study design and the data was analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. Improving livelihoods in Soweto, Namuwongo and Kisugu slums has various stakeholders including tenants, resident and non-resident structure owners, land owners, public authorities, civil society, private sector and international development agencies. Despite of the efforts to address the slum issue through formulation of the National Slum Upgrading Strategy which prescribes measures to improve conditions as well as prevent emergency of new slums, the upgrading of slums in Namuwongo in Kampala, Masese in Jinja, Malukhu in Mbale, and Oil in Aura, the profiling of slums with a view of generating basic data and information necessary for planning ,the preparation of structure (Master) plans for 73 towns, formulation of the National Land use Policy and review of the Town and Country Planning Law, there is still emergence of new slums like Soweto slum even after the upgrading of Namuwongo slum
  • Item
    Concept and techniques: sustainable design techniques in the Langi traditional architecture. a case study of the Langi traditional housing
    (Makerere University, 2017-10) Okello, Daniel
    The characteristic of traditional architecture generates a congenial place through a sympathetic design of its cultural environment and local people. The study demonstrates how the characteristic of traditional architecture accumulates and embodied its significant of traditional values in the traditional architecture. Studies have indicated on a common thought of supporting the concept of tradition, and its related features. This dissertation examines the sustainable design techniques through a study addressing issues such as social, cultural identity, tradition and sustainability. Traditional case studies within Lango sub-region community built by the local people clarify the reintroduction of the local traditional techniques to strengthen the sustainability of the built environment moreover improving the cultural identity of the people. The research promotes the implementation of traditional building techniques and indigenous knowledge into contemporary or modern architecture through a participatory approach to community development. Following the findings, the knowledge concerning a local tradition cannot be irrelevant to contemporary or modern architecture which may play an essential role in guiding architects through the past in order to navigate to the present and sustainable future.
  • Item
    Assess the possibilities of promoting cycling
    (Makerere University, 2017-12) Ssemusu, Umar
    This research is about assessing the possibilities of promoting cycling. It is a relatively old mode of active transport that has been used for more past years, and therefore there’s need for planners and responsible authorities to work concomitantly to come up with the ways on how to emphasize this mode of transport especially in the cities and towns
  • Item
    Advancing transportation in Uganda with connectivity, automation & intelligence: An accident awareness system
    (Makerere University, 2018) Walusimbi, Eddie
    Accidents in Uganda have claimed people’s lives due to negligence and delay in response to their occurrence. 22,715 people died between 2010 and June, 2017, due to road accidents. Ideally, motor vehicle systems are manufactured with safety mechanisms such as: the traction control, electronic stability control and many other safety features such that in case of an accident, the victims do not die. However the motor vehicle systems in cars used in Uganda, lack features that give a notification in case of an accident occurrence. A system was developed to reduce the number of accident deaths due to delayed response and medication attendance. The system utilizes crowdsourcing by the use of the USSD module and mobile application module. The USSD module gives a detailed explanation of the location and fatality of the accident and the application module provides the exact location by the use of the phones GPS and fatality of the accident. The USSD and application module were developed using Microsoft visual studio 2017 since it has Xamarin embedded in it. The database that keeps all the information was developed using MS SQL, Visual C#, PHP, HTML and JavaScript. The system uses an API to interconnect all the system modules involved that is: the emergency services interface, the mobile application and the database. The database stores all the information about the transactions done on the system for future reference including the date of the accident, its location and to whom it was assigned and what happened to the victims. The USSD and mobile application communicate with the database through their respective listeners contained in an API.
  • Item
    Analysis of liquefaction potential of foundation soils of the right embankment dam at Isimba Hydro Power Plant
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kiwanuka, Abduh ; Mugisha, Norman Mugume
    Earthquake occurrences have led to the failure of very many embankment dams worldwide. This failure is accompanied by catastrophic and severe economic and life losses. Majorly the effects of earthquakes are manifested through failure of foundation material and cracking of the embankment dams which leads to erosion of the earth materials used for the dam construction and then to total failure of the whole dam structure. The foundation material therefore is checked for susceptibility to liquefaction due to earthquakes and also the evaluation of the triggering of liquefaction. The susceptibility to liquefaction of foundation material is tested using soil index properties while the evaluation of triggering of liquefaction takes into the consideration the loading imposed on the soil during an earthquake and then the soils’ ability to sustain the cyclic stresses. The project focused on the foundation material of the right embankment dam of Isimba hydro power plant. The following methods were used to achieve the project objectives. A criteria proposed by Bray and Sancio 2006 was used to analyze for the susceptibility of the foundation material to liquefaction. Field work was done which involved the collection of soil samples from the section of the right embankment dam that is at KOOVA island and beyond the river channel following the dam axis. The depth to ground water table was measured in pit 2. Laboratory testing was carried out on the 3 samples. The tests included; particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, natural moisture content and all was done according to British standards. The results obtained were then analysed and the soils were classified as sands and it was found out that the foundation material of RED of Isimba HPP is not susceptible to liquefaction. SPT data analysis was done. This involved initially obtaining recent geological investigation reports having results of the standard penetration test which was carried out at KOOVA island. With the results, a detailed analysis of the data was done using a semi empirical procedure proposed by Idriss and Boulanger 2008. The factor of safety against liquefaction was calculated and the values indicate that the foundation material is safe from liquefaction. (FOS>1)
  • Item
    A low cost wireless TV audio transceiver
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mirugwe, Alex
    Wireless communication is rapidly growing, making it possible to design wireless network systems that can constantly collect, analyze, evaluate and validate our environment to get more control of the factors that influence it. With over a decade of intensive research and development, wireless sensor network technology has been emerging as viable solution to many innovative applications. Various audio wireless consumer devices have been developed over years. But these wireless TV headphones use Bluetooth technology which comes with a number of drawbacks; high power consumption, high cost, short distance coverage and limited number of users at time. In this project, we have developed a wireless TV audio transceiver (transmitter to multiple receivers) using Arduino and nRF24L01 module. The nRF24L01 transceiver module uses the 2.4 GHz band and it can operate with band rates from 250 kbps up to 2 Mbps. If used in closed space and with lower band rate its range can reach up to 100 meters. The Wireless audio system operates at Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Specifically, it utilizes IEEE802.15.4 standard to transmit the audio signals. The system is designed to transmit and receive the audio signal about 2.4Ghz frequencies. The system is powered using a 9Vdc battery. The Wireless audio system utilizes IEEE802.15.4 Radio Frequency (RF) standard to transmit the audio signals. IEEE standard 802.15.4 offers the fundamental lower network layers of a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and focuses on low-cost, low-power communication between devices. The system will be designed to transmit and receive the audio signal using 2.4Ghz band. The transmitter converts the input analog signal from the TV audio socket to digital signal using the microcontroller. The digital signal will then be sent to the nRF24L01 module which modulates it using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation scheme and transmits it at 2.4GHz. The receivers use GFSK modulation to demodulate the digital signal received and convert it to an analog signal using the microcontroller. The analog signal is amplified by LM386 circuit where users can individually modulate the volume of sound of their preferences. LM386 is a low voltage audio amplifier and frequently used in battery powered music devices. Overall system architecture and the design of hardware and software components are presented in details in this paper.
  • Item
    Analysis of the accuracy of different commercial GPS network adjustment software packages
    (Makerere University, 2018) Ochen, Ronald Keddy
    The surveying and geomatics community is currently faced with a wide range of commercial proprietary GPS network adjustment software to choose from. Each of the software package is however unique in some functions, with different data processing algorithms applied. The difference in mathematical models adopted by the software packages influences the adjusted coordinates and therefore leads to differences in final coordinates. Surveyors however continue to use these software without knowing their comparative efficacy hence the need for congruity analysis. This research therefore aims at assessing the accuracy of four commercial GPS network adjustment software packages in the user market namely; Carlson SurveyGNSS 2016, CHC Geomatics Office (CGO) version 1.0.1, GNSS Solutions (3.80.8) and Trimble -Business Center (TBC) version 3.50. Using 6 control stations, the evaluation method involves the comparison of coordinate residuals obtained as deviations of the final (adjusted) coordinates, from the software, from the “known” station coordinates. The station coordinates obtained from the Surveys and Mapping Department, Entebbe, were considered as the ‘known coordinates’ in the residual computation. The average residual values in the Northing, Easting and Orthometric height were below 10 cm in CGO, GNSS Solutions and TBC in both Cases 1 and 2 while SurveyGNSS produced average residual values ranging between 10 cm to 20 cm in the North, East and Height components. Since the adjusted coordinates were compared with their ‘known’ values, the software package that produced the least deviations was considered the most accurate amongst the four software packages. The one that produced the highest deviations was however the least accurate. Further analysis was conducted basing on the mean residual values, 2D and 3D residual errors, Standard Deviations and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE). The RMSE of 0.043 m in Case 1 confirmed TBC as the most accurate amongst the test software packages while SurveyGNSS produced the highest RMSE of 0.170 m implying that it is the least accurate. CGO however performed slightly better that TBC in Case 2 with RMSE of 0.071 m compared to 0.093 m of TBC. This could be partly attributed to the proprietary CHC N7 GNSS receivers used at the Survnet CORS base stations. A similar research should be conducted to incorporate the effect of varying the proprietary GNSS receivers during observations on the accuracy of the software packages.
  • Item
    Assessing the factors leading to timely completion of construction projects in Uganda; A case study of Kampala City
    (Makerere University, 2018) Waiswa, Faizal ; Mubangizi, Joshua
    The overall purpose of this dissertation was to assess the factors leading to timely completion of construction projects in Uganda, assess which of these factors affect the critical path of the construction process and come up with a project management model which takes into consideration the discovered factors. The data was collected through desk study and interviews conducted through questionnaires with various project stakeholders The data was analyzed and presented in frequencies and converted into percentages, then presented into tabular forms using both Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel software. The study sampled 100 projects and 67 questionnaires were returned 80.4% of those interviewed were male with only 19.6% being women. The category of respondents was key project stakeholders comprising 6.7% of the respondents had Certificate qualifications from various training institutions, 26.7% had diplomas, 53.3% had undergraduate degrees while others represented by 13.3% had post graduate degrees. Most of the respondents stated their age to be between 25 to 35 years represented by 35.8% of all the respondents with the mean age being 37 years. 9% of the respondents had O’ Level qualifications, 28% had a college certificates and diplomas, 34% had undergraduate degrees while others represented by 28% had post graduate degrees. 33.3% of the respondents claimed to have once achieved timely project completion in less than a month, 26.7% between two and five months, 3.3% between five and 10 months and 36.7% confessed to have never achieved timely completion. The study concludes that all participants in a construction project have equal responsibility to achieving the goal of timely project completion and that there is a high correlation between ensuring a strict tendering process and cost of the project.
  • Item
    Investigating the root causes for delays in completion of private building projects in Kampala: Case study area-Makerere Hill
    (Makerere University, 2018) Nahereza, Roland
    Majority of the building/construction projects in Uganda and Kampala in particular and most developing countries do not get completed within the initially set targets of time, cost and also quality. Delays in projects are seen to frustrate the process of development and also have an immeasurable cost to the different stakeholders and the public at large. With this regard, it has become of vital importance to investigate the causes of delays so as to improve the construction industry performance and enable it to achieve the objectives. This research study aimed at investigating the causes of delays in private building projects and its specific objectives were; To identify the causes of delays on private building projects in from different players, To analyze the effects of construction project delays to the environment, the public and the economy and To suggest workable solutions to minimize the problem of delayed building projects in Kampala. The researcher reviewed literature of books, journals, articles and unpublished reports on the topic. This research study employed a survey approach with the case study area of Makerere hill. The samples were purposively selected and primary data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The research study found that major delays in private building projects were caused by construction finance. Delays in construction projects were found to impact negatively on cost performance, time performance and quality of the final product.
  • Item
    Investigating the influence of rental prices and location of retail real estate on the increasing vacancy rates in Kampala. A case study of Kisenyi 1 and the Central Business District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Ojok, Michael Ocan
    Rent is the economic return to land resources. Key property market participants such as investors and developers often use rental value as an indicator to appraise the viability of their real estate development and investment schemes. Due to the high demand for retail spaces, landlords take undue advantage of tenants and increase rent without adhering to rent regulations. This leads to frequent movement of retailers from one location to another, especially to urban areas which are more affordable and accessible. This study investigates the influence of rental prices and location of retail real estate on the increasing vacancy rates in Kisenyi 1 and the CBD. Data from Kisenyi 1 and the CBD were analyzed and the results show that; most retail properties which are in a more accessible location tend to attract more occupants compared to retail real estate constructed in a poor location (i.e. a location which is inaccessible, where tenant’s products are not visible, not in a prime spot etc.). These vacancies were observed to be available in mostly the upper/top floors. Retail properties which pays very high rent tend to chase occupants away looking for a more affordable unit though some occupants will stay as long as the location is favourable to them even though the rent is high. Reduced sales, highest and best use, urban poverty, imbalancement of supply and demand of retail properties and demographics of occupants were among other factors apart from location and rental prices that influence vacancy rates of retail real estate. Government lowering taxes on construction materials, landlords charging rents in shillings, proper advertisement of the properties and knowledge of market by property owners were among the possible solutions suggested to reduce the increasing vacancy rates.
  • Item
    Evaluation of bio-gas potential from water hyacinth
    (Makerere University, 2018) Masiko, Wike
    Lake Victoria is the second largest fresh water lake in the world making it the source of the River Nile which plays host to many dams. Since it has fresh water, it is vested with lots of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Its rapid proliferation on Lake Victoria has been as a result of space, fresh water nutrients, and solar energy. Tons of Water hyacinth are harvested regularly from the Nalubaale dam to prevent it from clogging the water intakes to the turbines. This harvested weed is dumped at a waste site in Buyikwe district. It is costly to transport the harvested waste hyacinth and maintain the waste site where it is dumped. The dumped water hyacinth also pollutes the environment with a foul smell. This project aims at finding an alternative use for the water hyacinth instead of dumping it. This is through using the water hyacinth as biomass for biogas generation and exploring its potential to generate electricity. The research is to be carried out first by studying water hyacinth characteristics as a suitable waste or feedstock for biogas generation. This involves determining the total solids, volatile solids and PH of water hyacinth. There after biogas generation is carried out on a lab scale under different generation conditions in order to ascertain the most suitable digestion conditions which yield the most gas volume and best gas quality. Gas analysis is then carried out to determine the gas quality. This involves finding out the biogas composition. The research also involves calculating the amount of electricity which can be generated from the gas and also selecting the most suitable energy conversion system. Finally, the research involves designing of a large-scale production unit and carrying out a cost benefit analysis to ascertain the economic acceptability of the project. The research carried out highlights the positive results of water hyacinth as a useful weed or waste that can be used for biogas generation to produce electricity of 63.3MWh which can service about 810 households with and average energy consumption of 78.1kWh monthly bringing in a revenue of about Shs40m monthly. This value exceeds the Shs15m cost incurred by ESKOM Uganda Limited on water hyacinth management monthly.
  • Item
    Design of a web based (IoT) battery monitoring system for a power distribution substation
    (Makerere University, 2018) Okollo, Johan
    Battery management system (BMS) forms a crucial system component in various applications like DC source for power substations, electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), telecommunications and so on. The accuracy of these systems has always been a point of discussion as they generally give an error of maximum 10% considering all the parameters together. In this paper a system is proposed which will be developed using low cost microcontroller of MSP430 family for measurement of temperature and voltage parameters of lead-acid batteries in distribution substations. Distribution substation use batteries as a DC power supply for relays and hence monitoring such batteries will be the main focus of this project. The project shall provide remote substation battery monitoring and control over the WEB using Internet of Things (IoT) technology.
  • Item
    Establishment of an online national valuation evidence database. A Case Study of Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2018) Bishanga, Moses
    This report identifies the need and demand for and the barriers for establishing an online National Valuation Database to improve the valuation process. Survey research identified that 100% of a cross section of respondents believed the introduction of such a national system would be advantageous to the whole profession. The development of a database system that allows the recording of data easily, efficiently, uniformly and accurately and data retrieval via simple or complex searches further emphasizes the practicability of a national system. An NVED would certainly reduce the subjectivity of the valuation process and thus lead to increased valuation accuracy. The project report is divided into five chapters that clearly highlight the need of an easily accessible comparable database, the barriers to data releasing and pooling to form an online NVED, and possible solutions. Chapter One: this chapter contains the introduction of the project. The contents include the background of the study, problem statement, and objectives of the study, justification, scope and the expected results of the project. Chapter Two: contains the detailed literature review that includes the understanding of valuation, comparison method of valuation, information technology and the valuation process that a valuer undertakes when using the comparison method of valuation. Chapter Three: this chapter details the methodology used for the project and includes research design, area of study, study population and sample size, sampling design, data source, research instruments, data collection procedure, limitations of the study and conclusions. Chapter Four: this chapter covers data analysis, presentation and discussion of findings. Chapter Five: this chapter covers the details of the best solutions chosen to combat the problem, conclusions and recommendations.
  • Item
    The impact of roof type covering on the quality of rain water harvest
    (Makerere University, 2018) Atuhaire, Derrick
    With the increasing urbanization in Africa which has led to increase of urban dwellers thus limiting access of safe water supply. However much the government in Uganda has tried to solve his through a statutory company (National and Sewage Corporation) through providing safe tape water 31% of the Uganda population are living under the poverty line to afford paying to this a safe water. These people have then resorted to using/ harvesting rainwater for rooftop run off which is free of charge. However, these people have not taken into consideration the type of roof covering they harvest this rainwater from without knowledge that the roof type covering has an impact on the quality of harvested water. Thus this report represents the research on the right roof type covering to use in harvesting rainwater. The aim of the research was to investigating the impact of roof type covering on the quality of rain water harvest. Rainwater was harvested from different roof type coverings for example; Asbestos, galvanized, tiles and also from direct rainfall. These waters were then taken to the laboratory, tests of parameters like E.C, color, turbidity, pH, zinc contents, iron contents and present coliforms were done. A comparison of water collected from asbestos, galvanized and tiles roof type covering with rainwater collected directly was then made. This report recommends the use of clay tiles roof type covering due to the fact that it sheds off rainwater of a better quality compared to the other roof type coverings.
  • Item
    The effect of congestion on fuel consumption costs on urban links
    (Makerere University, 2018) Nuwagaba, Bruce
    This research project examined the effect of traffic congestion on fuel consumption costs on urban links and this was achieved by analyzing the traffic flow on Wandegeya-Kamwokya route with the help of vehicle digital measurement modules attached on the dashboard. This analysis was based on empirical data collected from a section 1km distance on the same route during peak and off peak hours considering travel time, average speed and fuel consumption. The results show considerable increase in fuel consumption under congested traffic conditions compared with free flow conditions, but also points to the differences depending on the type of itinerary.