Academic submissions (CoNAS)

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    A geological mapping project report of the Albertine graben area, Ntoroko district, Western Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2016-06) Ssembera, Richard
    This report discusses the findings and interpretation of the geologic field mapping exercise done by fourth year students of B.Sc. in petroleum Geoscience and Production. The study was carried out on, Semliki basin, which is one of the most prospecting basins for petroleum exploration in Uganda and available data shows the presence of a petroleum system. The field exercise was carried out in this area (Kibuku) with a major aim of collecting and interpreting stratigraphic, petrographic, sedimentologic and structural data; which are very important in hydrocarbon exploration. To achieve this aim, surface geological and structural data were collected through thorough study of the basement rocks and sediments. Seismic, Gravity and Aeromagnetic data were provided to by the Department of geology and petroleum studies, Makerere University in form of images for interpretation. The study began with analysis of the basement rocks along foothills of the Northern Rwenzori block while identifying the structures and measuring their trends. This was a step by step strategy starting from older basement rocks to younger sediments (establishing the contact at UTM 0192485E, 0102062N) in the Semliki plain. Logging was then carried out on the sedimentary lithologies and discussions held at the established stations. The data obtained was analysed, presented in groups and interpreted. The basement lithology comprised; altered granites, granitic gneisses, schist and amphibolite while the lithology of sediments comprised inter-fingered fluvial and lacustrine sediments with Mt Rwenzori and the escarpment as the provenance. The major sedimentary environments are fluvial, deltaic and lacustrine. Semliki basin has a complete petroleum system as evidenced by the Semliki seismic section, facies and the interpreted Turaco 1 and 2 well log data that showed presence of hydrocarbons at depth with significant temperature and pressure. The thick well sorted sands of Kisegi formation are believed to be the reservoir rock in the study area due to the high-quality sands with good permeability and large lateral extent. The cap rocks are the clays and shales as well as gypsum. The sediments are very young (Miocene in age) and shallow implying little possibility of hydrocarbons forming in the area. However, the presence of the Sempaya hot spring can play a very big role in providing the necessary temperature required to generate hydrocarbons from the organic matter in the shale. The hydrocarbons can then migrate to the reservoir and trapped by the sealing faults hence accumulation. This justifies the hydrocarbon potential of the study area.
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    Carbon dioxide purification from fermentation by cryogenic process and distillation process
    (Makerere University, 2017) Aliguma, Moses
    The aim of the study was to reduce on carbon dioxide emission arising from alcoholic fermentation processes that impact on human health and environment and also assess the relationship between temperature and pressure parameters during purification of carbon dioxide. This work was done at BDF distillery. Multi-stage compression, refrigeration, separation and distillation is cryogenic separation and distillation method that separated majority of the CO2 from the gas mixture with relatively high purity. Subsequently, the separated crude liquid CO2 is distilled under high pressure and near ambient temperature conditions so that low energy penalty purification is achieved. Initially gaseous mixture is stored in the carbon dioxide sack then initially dehydrated before they are fed into the system, compressed, and cooled down to near ambient temperature thus achieving the cryogenic separation and liquefaction processes where most of the water is condensed and can be extracted out afterwards, while the rest is absorbed by a high-efficiency adsorbent (molecular sieve). At this point, a part of the CO2 is liquefied from the mixed gases. Using a gas-liquid separator CO2 product is separated from gaseous mixtures of the purge gases. The crude liquid CO2 separated from the cryogenic separation subsystem is further purified in the distillation subsystem at temperatures –20 °C to 20 °C and –10°C to 30 °C, to improve its purity. A sample of liquefied carbon dioxide after distillation is taken to laboratory for purity test using carbon dioxide purity tester. Its purity range was between (99.2- 99.9) % with impurity (2% to 5 %.) content in the separated liqui
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    Cultivation of oyster mushroom at Mushroom Training Centre Bwindi Amagara Association
    (Makerere University, 2017) Twinomujuni, David
    A comparative research project was conducted at Bwindi Amagara Association in Kanungu District between 16/5/2017 to 19/8/2017 and only Oyster mushroom was selected. This type of mushroom was grown in different conditions, that is, well moist environment and one with more light. Well moist environment has more species diversity which affects the density of mushrooms and ultimately has a negative bearing on the entire community. Therefore, the study required a dimension of 25 × 10m2. This study area had more mushrooms which were identified and counted. Those mushrooms that were growing in well ventilated and lighted area had low diversity of mushrooms. It found out that those growing in moist environments had more mushrooms compared to that of lighted area. Problem statement Effects of dampness on the mushroom growing diversity, density and size. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of moisture or dampness on the mushroom growing diversity and density. This was achieved by comparing mushrooms growing in normal environments and the ones growing in dampness. General objectives To compare the mushrooms growing in damp environment and those growing in the environment with all the requirements. Specific objectives To estimate the density of mushrooms growing in different environments that is damp environment and well lighted environment. To determine the size of the mushrooms. To determine the most abundant species in damp and lighted growing rooms. Research questions What is the density of mushrooms growing at damp environment? What is the most abundant species growing in damp areas compared to those in lighted environment? What is the variation in the abundance of oyster mushroom growing in different environments? Hypothesis The density of mushrooms growing in different environments is the same. There is uniform mushroom abundance in both damp environment and lighted environment. Study area The study survey was carried out at Mushroom training and growing centre of BwindiAmagara Association between 14th - 18th – November 2016 in Kanungu District. This survey was mainly;  To equip with knowledge and skills of how to grow oyster mushrooms on solid state fermented substrate.  To equip with knowledge of different species of mushrooms those that grow wild and the ones under domestication.  To find how oyster mushrooms growing influence can the economic status of local people in Kanungu district as a case study. Significance of the study  The project needs minimal space  Mushroom project acts as alternative source of income to the family and therefore raising the standards of living.  It requires minimal time to mature and requires little capital  It provides employment opportunities to people working directly in the business as spawn producer, gardening, harvesting and marketing.  It has a ready market in either fresh or dried form.  Availability of agricultural waste substrates used which are affordable by mushroom growers. Expectations from the growing include - To empower complete knowledge and skills in mushroom cultivation. - To encourage the participants to acquire basic practices in mushroom cultivation. - To encourage open communication. Learning how mushrooms, spps of mushroom cultivated, challenges faced during growing of mushroom, substrate used, clean environment, maintenance in mushroom cultivation, market research for the mushroom, compare the suitability of oyster mushroom and other spps, nutritive value of oyster mushroom, differences between poisonous and edible mushrooms, gestation period of oyster mushroom, entrepreneurship and value addition to oyster mushroom and how mushrooms dish can be prepared.
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    Effect of temperature on the hydrolysis of cellulose
    (Makerere University, 2017-05) Ssemwogerere, Abraham
    Saw dust is a lignocellulose material mainly regarded as a waste from wood cutting here in Uganda. A given percentage of the saw dust is used in poultry as a bed layer but only a small percentage is used leaving a significant value as waste. Lignocellulose materials mainly contain a mixture of carbohydrates polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin, extractives and ashes. The most abundant lignocellulose material on earth is wood
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    Effect of storage and handling practices on incidence of the soft rot bacterium, Erwinia carotovora in tomatoes, in Kasubi Market Kampala District
    (Makerere University, 2017-05) Mwesigwa, Enock
    Storage and handling affect the quality of harvested agro-produce. Proper storage and handling can help to manage losses caused due to contamination by micro-organisms which reduce the quality of the produce; this includes tomatoes. It was therefore the purpose of this research to find out the effect that the storage and handling practices of tomatoes in Kasubi market in Kampala district had on the incidence of Erwinia carotovora. Erwinia carotovora is a destructive bacterium to plants and causes soft rot disease (Bhat, 2010). The disease is called soft rot because of the characteristic decay of soft tissue which results in a slimy watery mass (Agrios, 2005).It affects a wide range of plants and in particular, affects vegetable species from all families (Bhat, 2010). It attacks stems, roots and fruits (Ploetz et al., 1993). The research was carried out in Kasubi market, Kampala district. It involved a survey using a questionnaire to find out the storage and handling practices of tomatoes in the market. Laboratory tests were also carried out using Crystal Violet Pectate medium selective for Erwinia carotovora to find out if the bacterium was present in the representative samples obtained from the market (Van der Wolf, 1996). The data obtained showed that soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora wasn’t the major cause of losses in the market on regard to tomato vending. However, the data obtained showed that it does account for 21% of the losses. 86% of the vendors surveyed stored their tomatoes in boxes that weren’t usually changed and 50% of the vendors sold their produce from areas on the ground which may contain the bacteria (Romberg et al., 2002). The data also showed that 86% of the vendors do not change their means of storage- boxes, and this makes contamination possible when the bacteria are present by acting as a continual source of inoculums. A control experiment was carried out by using the same questionnaire in Shoprite supermarket Lugogo, Kampala district and it was found that they buy from vendors in markets and not solely from farmers. It was also found that these tomatoes can last up to a month. A recommendation for the need of further research was proposed.
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    Effect of plant attractive scents on grading time of Nile Tilapia juveniles
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kiwanuka, Alaphat
    In aquaculture fish undergo many operations from fry stage to adult stage that is Sampling, transportation, grading etc. these case a great deal of stress to the fish. However grading contributes the biggest percentage to the stress since it is carried out through out the production cycle. The study aims at investigating fish attraction using 2 plant scent extracts; Garlic and Onions and their effectiveness as alternatives to active grading of Nile tilapia and their potential impacts on the water quality Current grading techniques lead to over handling of fish that leads to stress responses such as death. 15 fish each in a tank across which a scent was applied using a sponge and separated by a grading grid. Attraction effects were measure by recording reaction time towards each scent. Each experiment was repeated 3 times and data collected was analyzed usingANOVA in R software and repeated measures ANOVA for pH. The results showed that there was a significant difference in reaction times between the scents (Garlic and onions) and control at P < 0.001 but no significant difference between the attraction effects of the scents that is Garlic and Onions at P = 0.145. This showed that grading with application of scents had better results. The repeated measures ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in the pH before and after application of the scent at F = 1.989, df = 1 and p < 0.001 and a post Hoc test showed that there was a significant different in pH between Control and onion scent at p < 0.001, Control and Garlic at p < 0.001, garlic and Onion scents at p < 0.001
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    Effects of baits and hive type on colonization of African Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) in the Lake Albert Crescent Zone of Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kabasomi, Lydia
    Beekeeping in LACZ is still based on traditional technologies and practices and characterised by alarmingly low colonisation rates and low production. An experiment was set up to investigate the “Effects of baits and hive type on colonization of African honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the Lake Albert crescent zone of Uganda”. The experiment consisted of 16 langstroth, 16 log and 16 Kenya Top Bar (KTB) hives sited at Bulindi ZARDI. Four of each hive type was baited with beeswax, cow dung, ripe banana and four of each hive type was unbaited to act as controls. Data from the experiment was collected for two seasons. Bait type had significant ( p < 0.05) effect on colonization and of all the hives that were colonized, 62.5% were baited with bees wax and a high proportion of uncolonised hives 91.7% was recorded among the Unbaited(control) hives.Hive type had no significant (P >0.05) effect on colonization. Of all the hives that were colonized, up to 53.1% were KTB compared to 31.2% local (log) hives. Low colonization rate was recorded in langstroth (78.1%). Season had no significant (P >0.05) effect on colonization although it was recorded that in season B (July – August) the rate of colonisation was higher (43.8%) compared to 27.1% in season A (January – February). It was observed that, interaction between bait type and hive type had no significant (P> 0.05) effect on hive colonization rate. The KTB hive had high interaction (75%) with the bees wax and cow dung. It was also observed that there was no colonization of langstroth hives baited with ripe bananas. It is concluded that beeswax is a suitable baiting material for increased hive colonisation than ripe banana which may not actually attract bees, in the LACZ. KTB hives colonise better than langstroth and log hives. In order to maximise colonization in KTB, bees wax or cowdung are the best combinations. Bees wax is expensive and hard to get and so farmers can use cow dung to bait KTB since it is locally available and cheap compared to bees wax.
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    The diversity and distribution of macrobenthic invertebrates in Kiwunya Stream
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kainza, Winnie Wanendeya
    This study was carried out with a general objective of establishing the diversity and distribution of macrobenthic invertebrates in Kiwunya Stream located in Kampala District which has constantly been subjected to higher levels of pollution mainly due to the anthropogenic activities carried out by the communities living along this stream. This work involved measurements of the different physico-chemical water parameters like temperature, pH, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, water depth, phosphates and nitrate levels at three sites, that is upstream, midstream and downstream. These parameters were later related to the distribution and diversity of the macrobenthic invertebrates found at the different sites of sampling. The study showed that water temperatures increased from upstream to downstream, the pH range was 7.0-75, the stream was shallow having a depth that increased on average from 6.8cm upstream,7.6 cm midstream and 18.8 cm downstream. The dissolved oxygen levels were highest upstream and lowest downstream, the flow velocity was highest upstream (0.39m/s), midstream (0.24m/s) and lowest downstream (0.18m/s). Phosphate and nitrate levels were highest upstream and these decreased as one proceeded to the downstream. The study revealed three phyla of macrobenthic invertebrates present in the different sampled sites of the stream and these include Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda with the midstream having the highest Shannon wiener diversity index(H`) of 7.34 and the downstream having the lowest diversity(H`) of 4.69. However, the downstream had the highest number of individuals, followed by the midstream and then the upstream with the lowest number of individuals.
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    Removal of cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) from waste water by adsorption onto sugarcane bagasse
    ( 2018) Niwarinda, Nicholas
    Effluents from textile, leather, tannery, electroplating, galvanizing, pigment and dyes, metallurgical and paint industries and other metal processing and refining operations at small and large-scale sector contain considerable amounts of toxic metal ions. The toxic metals and their ions are not only potential human health hazards but also to another life forms. Toxic metal ions cause physical discomfort and sometimes life-threatening illness including irreversible damage to vital body system. From the eco-toxicological point of view, the most dangerous metals are mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium(VI). The analysis of wastewater for trace and heavy metal contamination is an important step in ensuring human and environmental health. This project shows that sugarcane bagasse has rapid adsorption rate and good adsorption capacity for cadmium and chromium. The Cd2+ was found to be dependent on PH and contact time. Sugar cane bagasse exhibits a high degree of Cr (VI) removal and it can be utilized for the treatment of industrial wastes containing chromium (VI) concentrations which are very high. Generally, the project study indicated that sugarcane bagasse can be a good adsorbent material for Cd2+ and Cr(VI) removal from dilute aqueous solutions and also it is cheaper and more efficient to use sugarcane bagasse to remove heavy metals. Most conventional methods are very expensive and impose high cost on the industries in treating such wastes. It is recommended that the adsorption be done at a PH that is almost neutral. There should also be enough contact time to increase the efficiency of the process.
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    Using recycled cooking oil to manufacture laundry soap
    (Makerere University, 2018) Nkonwa, Francis
    During frying, temperatures rise up to around 170oC to 190oC. At these temperatures, complex, multistage reactions of hydrolysis, oxidation and polymerization occur within the oil producing polar molecules like proteins, free fatty acids and others which together degrade both physical and chemical properties of the oil like colour, smoke point etc. Among other products formed with in the oil are the free radicals which when ingested into the body attach themselves to the heathy cells forming carcinogenic cells. Several works have been done to expose the danger of repeated heating and use of vegetable oils but very little work or even none has been done to provide an alternative use for the oil apart from using it and that’s why this project becomes relevant. Cooking oil heated for 7 hours was collected from hotel, treated with activated carbon, filtered using filter paper and funnel and free fatty acid test was done to check the efficiency of the treatment process which was found to be 70%. 3 soap samples were prepared where sample 1 and 2 were prepared using treated oil but sample 1 was recovered 3 times whereas sample 2 was recovered once with NaCl. Sample 3 was a blend of 50% treated oil and 50% fresh oil. The samples were than tested for moisture content, total alkali, free caustic alkali and total fatty matter (TFM). It was found that the TFM in sample 2 is high enough in that a considering a blend would be irrational. The 81.67% TFM in sample one would be high enough in that addition of builders would just reduce this value to a required minimum of 62% for laundry soap. Therefore recycled cooking oil can be used to make laundry soap.
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    The distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the fish cage sites of the Napoleon Gulf, Lake Victoria
    (Makerere University, 2018) Ssewanyana, Abdul
    Lake Victoria is vulnerable to increasing eutrophication since the proliferation of cage fish farming in Uganda and this has rose concerns over water quality deterioration and changes in the ecological structure. A study was conducted on the distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the fish cage sites of Napoleon Gulf. The relative abundance and species diversity of the zooplankton was studied and the physicochemical parameters of the water at the cage sites determined The zooplankton community structure of the Napoleon Gulf was composed of the Rotifers, Copepods and Cladocerans. The rotifers were composed of seven genera including Synchaeta, Kellicotica, Keratella, Notholca, Tricocerca, Asplanchna and the Brachionus. The Copepods were comprised of four genera including Cyclopoids, Calanoids, harpaticoids and the Nauplii larvae and lastly the Cladocerans were composed of six genera: the Bosmina, Simocephallus, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Moina and Diaphanosoma. The copepods were the most abundant among the three groups at the Gulf. The rotifers were the most diverse in terms of their generic composition amongst the copepods and the Cladocerans across all the sampling sites. There was no significant difference in the diversity of these zooplankton groups across all the sampling sites. This study recommended that SON fish farm to continue adhering to the best aquaculture management practices that are environmentally sustainable to allow many organisms like the zooplankton maintain their natural population densities, distribution, diversity and community structure and to continuously monitor the physicochemical parameter to keep them in check.
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    The effect of blending emulsifiers/surfactants on emulsion stability
    (Makerere University, 2018) Wembabazi, Timothy
    The effect of blending surfactants on emulsion stability was studied. Emulsions whose Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) is quit high above the storage temperature are stable, and such products have a long shelf life. In this work, the emulsion system consists of water (aqua phase) and cyclohexane (oil phase). The surfactants/emulsifiers used are tween 20 and cetyl alcohol. First, an emulsion of water/tween 20/cyclohexane was prepared in proportions of 48.5%w/w, 3%w/w and 48.5%w/w respectively and the PIT determined. Then both surfactants were blended in equal proportions with the same amounts of water and cyclohexane, and the new PIT was determined using the conductimetry method. It was found out that the PIT of the emulsion when only tween 20 is used as the surfactant was 45 ˚C and that when both tween 20 and cetyl alcohol were used as emulsifiers was 42 ˚C. Hence, from the observations, blending surfactants has a negative effect on emulsion stability; i.e. lowers the emulsion PIT which facilitates de-emulsification processes.
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    Medicinal plants used to manage diabetes mellitus in Buwama Sub-county, Mpigi District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kasozi, Dauda
    Globally, there is increase in the number of people suffering from Diabetes and this has led to the need for development of other alternative treatment means which are cheaper. Indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants is also being lost due to the lack of documentation. The aim of the study was to document plant species used in the treatment of Diabetes and to identify their conservation strategies. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the villages of Buyijja, Katebo, Bumera, Kabagambi and Nabiteete to document the medicinal plants used in the treatment of Diabetes. A total of 46 traditional healers were identified using snow ball sampling method. Data was collected using semi structured interviews, because this data collection tool can be used to acquire be specific and elaborate information. A total of 51 plant species were documented, and sample specimens taken to Makerere University Herbarium for botanical identification. According to the results, a lot of information about medicinal plant use is still undocumented, and at the verge of extinction with the death of the people who hold this important knowledge. The plants documented belonged to 32 families and 47 genera, with Fabaceae registering the highest number of species (8). Most of plant species were harvested from the wild, although some were cultivated in healers’ home gardens. In conclusion, there is a lot of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plant use that has not been documented. Therefore, more studies should be carried out, not only for Diabetes, but also other diseases.
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    The nutritional quality of traditionally and commercially made Obushera
    (Makerere University, 2018) Erodi, Abraham
    The study presented here was to investigate the nutritional quality of the traditionally and commercially made Obushera. The pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugars and total protein concentrations which are important indicators of nutritional quality were measured. These four parameters affect the taste, flavour, nutritional value and generally the acceptability of Obushera to the final consumer. The difference in; grain variety and type used, duration of the steeping and malting processes, materials used during production and the hygienic conditions employed in the traditional and commercial production directly or indirectly affect the nutritional quality of the two categories of Obushera by influencing the changes in the above parameters. After considerable research and conduction of laboratory tests, the above parameters in traditionally and commercially made Obushera were obtained and compared. It was found out that the commercially made Obushera generally had higher pH values, lower titratable acidity, higher reducing sugar and total protein concentration compared to the traditionally made Obushera. It was also found out that very few of the commercial brands of Obushera sampled had atleast two of the required parameters reported in the Packaging material.
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    Contributions of conservation education centres towards creating environmental awareness
    (Makerere University, 2018) Edenyu, Abraham
    The overall purpose of the study was to evaluate the contributions of UWEC in promoting environmental and conservation awareness among Pupils in Entebbe Municipality. Schools that have gone through UWEC’s education programmes were called ‘Trained schools’ while those which had not yet benefited from UWEC’s programmes between 2013 to 2017 were called ‘Untrained schools’. A total of 12 primary schools out of 40 schools in Entebbe Municipality were sampled. Only students of 10 years above constituted the sample population. The results of this study have revealed the need to refocus the environmental education and awareness programmes towards creating more awareness about the value, among pupils, of biodiversity conservation. A descriptive survey design was adopted targeting Primary pupils in Primary schools in Entebbe Municipality. Purposive sampling was used to select ‘Trained Schools’ while simple random sampling was used to select ‘Untrained schools’. Lottery method was used to select respondents. 106 respondents participated in the study; 50 ‘Trained’ ones and 56 ‘Untrained ones’. The level of awareness was measured basing on the Conservation Awareness Model (CAM), (Fig 3.1) that was developed. The respondents’ attitudes were measured on a five point Likert Scale ranging from strongly agree (1) poor to (5) excellent (Rensis likert, 1932; Jamiesons, 2002; Alim, 2010). This generated an ordinal scale data which was used in statistical analysis, after transformation, to understand the impact of environmental education on the pupils. Results were presented by use of tables and bar graphs. Results show that the EE and Awareness programmes offered at UWEC increase the environmental awareness level of recipients; Generally, majority of trained pupils had higher level of awareness (Table 4.10 and Table 4.11) basing on the CAM model which was developed. Classification ability and knowledge of cause of environmental problems ie 82% and 80.5% respectively and Minority (17.9%) of untrained pupils were able to correctly classify the animal. The findings revealed that there was significant difference in Conservation Awareness level between ‘Trained’ and ‘Untrained’ respondents, at 95% confidence interval, ANOVA statistics, as shown by the F value of 3.544 and P value of 0.0032 in Table 4.11, hence the null hypothesis was rejected. This means that the trained pupils had more conservation knowledge than untrained ones. By implication, these findings show that the environmental education and awareness programmes offered at UWEC impart sustainable environmental conservation knowledge.
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    Field study report of the Albertine Graben Area
    (Makerere University, 2018) Muziransa, Huq Shaffi
    The Kibuku area is located within the Semliki basin of the western arm of the East African Rift System. It forms part of petroleum exploration license block 3, which is in the Albertine graben, Uganda. Both Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo share the Semliki basin. The Ugandan portion of the Semliki basin covers the southern part of the Lake Albert, plus a landward area to the south of the lake. The area‟s pre-rift basement lithology consists of altered granites and granitic gneisses, felsic and mafic rocks and the post-rift lithology is made up of sedimentary rock mainly of the fluvial and lacustrine nature believed to have their source of provenance in the Rwenzori ranges. The sediments are stratigraphically divided into Kisegi formation at the base, Kasande formation, Karaka formation Oluka formation, Nyaburogo formation and the youngest formation being Katorogo formation. From the basin and facies analysis, the depositional environment of the Kibuku sediments along the road cut ranged from fluvial, lacustrine to deltaic. The provenance of these sediments is probably the basement rocks of the Rwenzori Mountains because the pebbles of the conglomerates observed to be in contact with the basement had a similar mineralogy with the basement rocks of the Rwenzori Mountain. These sediments represent a petroleum play for hydrocarbon accumulations in which necessary elements of valid petroleum system were identified such as potential reservoirs and source rocks, possible seals, traps and migration pathways of hydrocarbons. The Semliki Basin is a sub-basin in the south of greater Albertine Graben, the most prospective region for oil and gas exploration in Uganda. Sediments in this basin are of Mid-Miocene to recent age, which are underlain by possible Jurassic to Early Tertiary age sediments resting unconformably over the Basement rocks. Sediments are mainly fluvial-lacustrine and deltaic in nature, predominantly comprising sandstones, siltstones and claystones, and the basement comprises igneous and high grade metamorphic rocks such as granites, granite gneiss, amphibolites among others. Valuable structural and stratigraphic data was also collected and interpreted to make informed conclusions about the petroleum system and potential of the Semliki Basin. Due to the intensive tectonism the area has been subjected to, a number of structures are present both in the basement rocks and sediments. These include faults, joints, and veins among others. In addition, a number of structures are also present in the soft sediments, such as bedding, cross-bedding, laminations, unconformities, mud diapirs, and plunging folds among others. The sediments in the Semliki Basin represents petroleum play for hydrocarbon accumulations, in which the necessary elements of a valid petroleum systems were identified. These include excellent or good potential for reservoir and seal as well as circumstantial evidence of regionally mature source rocks, possible seals, traps and hydrocarbon-migration pathways.
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    Phytochemical analysis of coleus latifolius claimed to have antimalarial activity
    (Makerere University, 2018) Musoke, Robert
    Malaria is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, with 10-150 million people showing signs and symptoms of the disease annually. It is also known to be popular in Uganda claiming approximately 42 children under the age of five daily. A number of approaches have been used to reduce malaria in Uganda and those approaches include; Reproductive Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (RMNCH) shaped plan, use of Insecticide Treated-Nets (ITNs), Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) among other. Despite the approaches malaria still remains a burden to Ugandans. Chemotherapy is the most important method of controlling malaria, although the incidence of parasite resistance to common drugs is on rise. People in Uganda especially those in rural areas rely mainly on herbal medicine for their primary Health care. The dependence is due to; limited access to modern medicine, confirmed therapeutic evidence of herbal medicine, and believe that herbal medicine pose no risk. Many antimalarial plants have been documented but only a few have been analyzed and their phytochemical assay established, basing on this back ground coleus latifolius (also known as mubiri in Luganda) was analyzed. Coleus latifolius is claimed by the local people to have antimalarial activity. Mainly it is used in conjunction with other antimalarial plants and the mode of administering is smearing. The fresh plant was collected, washed and then crushed, it was then cold macerated using water, methanol and Ethyl acetate in separate beakers. The extracts were concentrated and then using the standard method for phytochemicals analysis, phytochemicals were tested. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fresh leaves of coleus latifolius revealed the presence of Saponins and reducing sugars while the Ethyl acetate extract contained saponnins, tannins, reducing sugars and phenolics. Tannins, Saponins and phenols are known for antimalarial activity therefore their presence indicates that they are the one responsible for the antimalarial activity of coleus latifolius.
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    The design and construction of an automatic change over switch
    (Makerere University, 2018) Nambalirwa, Alice
    The poor state of power supply in developing countries, calls for alternatives sources of power generation and automation of electrical power generation to back up the utility supply. Over time, automation of electrical power supply has become vital as the rate of power outage is predominantly high. As a result of this power outage, developing countries experience slow development processes in both public and private sectors of economy.
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    Design and construction of a water level sensor system
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kyanjo, Brian
    This project is titled water level sensor system. It is designed to indicate the level of water to over-head tank. This device is unique because this water level sensor circuit also has an alarm feature. It does not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full to either turn on or off the tap. It also has an automatic switch that switches on the water pump.
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    A geologic and stratigraphic field study of Kibuku Area (Semliki Basin)
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mubiru, James Elvis
    The area of study was Semliki basin located in the southern part of the Albertine graben (Ntoroko district) western Uganda. The aim of this study was to enable us apply the geological, geophysical and general class knowledge we have acquired during the course of the program to understand the geology, scrutinize and analyze the petroleum system of the area, study the environments of deposition and the depositional processes that took place in the area. The area’s basement lithology consists of altered granites and undifferentiated gneisses with some dolerite intrusions as well. Overlying the basement rocks are sedimentary rocks that is sands, clays and silt, mainly of the fluvial and lacustrine nature believed to have originated in the Rwenzori ranges. The contact between the sediments and the basement is marked with a basal conglomerate. The basin was affected by intensive tectonic activity, that led to metamorphism of the basement rocks and formation of vast types of structures with in the basement and sediments, examples of these structures include faults, joints, folds, veins and banding. Formation of these lines of weaknesses within the rocks allowed percolation of mineral rich fluids. The minerals later precipitated to form gypsum deposits, which is very abundant in the area, mainly within the sands and clays. Several other structures exist in the sedimentary rocks some of which include; cross beds, mud diapirs and bioturbation structures. At the Makondo fault area, thick clays had plenty of fresh water oyster shells, bivalves, fish bones and fins which confirmed the lacustrine and fluvial origin of the sediments. The presence of hot springs with in the area indicated the presence of high enough geothermal gradients for maturation and expulsion of hydrocarbons. We concluded that the study area has a working petroleum system characterized with all the required system components that is source rocks, reservoir rocks, seals, traps and migration pathways.