Academic submissions (CAES)

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    Effects of home garden agroforestry on people’s livelihoods in peri-urban areas of Kampala: Case study of Nakawa Division
    (Makerere University, 2017) Muriisa, Benson
    A study to elicit the knowledge effects of home garden agroforestry on people’s livelihoods in peri-urban areas of Kampalawas carried out in Nakawa division Kampala District between June and July 2017. The specific objectives were to: (i)To inventory home garden agroforestry trees and crops in the study area. (ii) To examine the contribution of home garden agroforestry to food security and incomes of the households. (iii) To examine the challenges faced by households practicing home garden agroforestry in Nakawa Division.Cross sectional socio-economic surveys was used to collect data in which questionnaires having both open and close ended questions, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. Questionnaires were coded and entered into SPSS program and analyzed for the preferredPractice, Maintenance and contribution of home garden agroforestry. Home garden agroforestry contributed to the economy of Nakawa division by providing food security and household’s income generation. Management of home garden agroforestry was being constrained by the high growth of household’s sentization techniques and good relationships between the community and stalk holds in the division. Utilization of home gardenshad a positive significant attitude on household’s willingness to keep and manage it. Indeed many respondents were motivated to retain home gardenson their homes such as home gardens due to the attraction of visitors and food security and income generation of households which were obtained from it since they have a very big positive impact on households and well-being. There is urgent need to formulate and implement laws and policies to guide and promote agriculture and commercialization of FAO like some home gardensand this should be spearheaded by institutions like Uganda Food agriculture Organization (FAO) and Community Based Organizations and backed by the provision of both financial and management support. All communities should maintain and sustain these home gardens through establishment and maintenance of commercial gardens containing some important tree and crop species. This may be one of the most effective avenues or enhancing the keeping and managing of home garden agroforestry.
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    Profitability of rice production by rice farmers in Namalemba Sub County Iganga District
    (Makerere University, 2017-11) Gatama, Kenneth
    This study looked at profitability of rice production by rice farmers in Namalemba sub county Iganga district. The objectives of the study were to characterize the farmers engaged in rice production in Namalemba sub-county, Iganga district, determine the profitability of rice production in Namalemba sub-county, Iganga district and to determine constraints of rice productivity and profitability in Namalemba sub-county, Iganga district. Different methods were to get reliable data from the field. These included both primary data and secondary data. The data collection instruments included the questionnaire and documentary sources. From the study majority in the community know how to read and write where 41.2% of the farmers had completed secondary level. Majority 67.5% of the farmers had an off farm employment (income) to supplement on their farm incomes. Majority 82.5% of the farmers earn More than 10,000 Ushs, while few 17.5% earn below the poverty line. The results suggest that the profit in rice production is highly associated with the type of Rice farmers grow with a mean of 2.4500 and SD of 1.25183. It is clear that, Families producing Rice have a high positive return to labor per acre hence indicating that Rice production is profitable. Results show that the Total Variable Cost (TVC) was higher than the Total Fixed Cost (TFC) per hectare associated with rice production. Farmers with no access to market information were being exploited by middlemen and traders by offering them low prices for their produce which would negatively impact on their profits (gross margin). The results revealed that farmers in Namalemba are faced with faced with Poor Soil Fertility, Poor Soil Fertility, Long drought, Poor seeds, Pests and diseases, Low skills for Irrigation, Land fragmentation and Inadequate manpower during production The study recommends that, there is need for farmers’ timely access to inputs at affordable prices and guaranteed facilitation to enable them stock adequate quantities like seeds and pesticides ahead of planting season. there is need to avail extension services to the farmers in Namalemba Sub County to inform and educate farmers in the sub county in question about the farming practices and management to increase the acceptability and adoption of rice production in the sub county. This could create awareness and spread information between farmers about the rice production.
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    The relationship between agronomic practices and productivity of Barley in Kwosir Sub-County Kween District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Cheptoyek, Satxa
    The study was conducted in Kwosir Sub-county, Kween district in Eastern Uganda where farmers through their Kween Commercial Farmers Association produce barley on contract with Nile Breweries Limited and Uganda Breweries Limited. This contract arrangement could be an advantage to farmers in order to enable access markets and inputs for commercial production. However, this has been criticized by the respondents for being exploitative and non-considerate. The aim of this study was to determine the agronomic practices and constraints in barley farming that limit yield potential of barley and to examine factors that affect its profitability. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative analyses of survey data collected through interviews from a sample of 40 randomly selected farmers. Primary data was collected from the twenty randomly selected respondents by using a questionnaire. This research covered the whole production process of barley. The respondents were fairly literates with a high male dominance in barley production than their female counterparts and young adults. The study further revealed that the contract barley farmers do break-even and the gross margins were significantly influenced by the total land capacity of the farmer and the use of fertilizers and herbicides. Herbicides were majorly used for weed control in barley fields and inputs like fertilizers were intensively used by the respondents. Pesticides were used for pest and disease control but their usage rate was very low due to less resurgence of diseases. On average, the respondent yields were 20 bags per acre and the main method of harvesting was hand method. The contract provides assured market for the farmers produce at pre-determined prices and this helps to reduce risks of price fluctuations. The study recommends improving Agricultural extension system with various farmer trainings; contract farming should be embraced by the farmers, increasing the level of mechanization and post-harvest handling coupled with a well improved and accessible financial system. The farmers need to be insured against several calamities like bad weather and failure of seed to germinate in the field. With these developments, barley production will boom and farmer’s standard and welfare will automatically improve and more land will be allocated for wheat growing.
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    Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Hoima District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Isingoma, Julius
    Because of high speed at which climate change is happening, most households especially in farming communities are very vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. Therefore, there is need to reduce the vulnerability of communities and households and increase their capacity to adapt. To achieve this, there is need for a strong information base in order to raise awareness among the people. This study was therefore aimed at providing information/ knowledge of the impacts of climate change on households and how they cope up with these impacts as well as providing information on the factors affecting the adaptation process. Due to increased dry spells and shifts in rainfall patterns in Hoima district, rain fed agriculture which is the main economic activity in the area has been exposed to weather and climatic adverse impacts hence increasing vulnerability of rural livelihoods/ farmers. Since adaptation process is costly generally, the resource poor peasant farmers can hardly adopt since adaptation is influenced by economic conditions, social networks, institutions and governance, human resources and technology which are to a big extent lacking. A mixed study design approach was used with a stratified random sampling technique in the four parishes of Kitoba Sub County, Hoima district. Household interviews using Questionnaires were then conducted.Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this study show that the first rain season has not changed compared to the past seasons. However, the second rain season has become shorter with rain tending to disappear earlier in October/ November period unlike the past when rains extended toward the Christmas/ December period. Therefore, it is clear that the second dry spell has increased of recent compared to the past. The impacts of such changes that were noted have been felt in agriculture in form of erratic heavy rains, flooding in gardens, hailstones, increased crop pests and diseases and crop failure and hence low yields. Shortage or loss of water as most of the water sources tend to dry up and this was evidenced by 98.7% of respondents who said they currently face water use challenges. A small fraction of households have developed coping measures to adapt to the changing climatic conditions through mulching, early planting/change of planting dates, mixed cropping, planting 9 perennial crops, use of improved varieties, agro forestry and crop rotation.The low rate of adaptation to climate change among the rural farmers were attributed to factors such as low education levels, poverty, small size of households, small size of farms, limited farming experience and lack of awareness on the availability of climate change program. Therefore, there is a greater risk of food insecurity posed by climatic changes since farmers are not yet ready to adapt to these impacts in Hoima district.
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    Effect of tourism stop-overs on customers satisfaction: Case study of Igongo Cultural Center and AGIP Motel
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mukalazi, Steven
    This study examined effect of tourism stop-overs on customer’s satisfaction at Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel. Fifty (50) respondents were selected for the study including tourists, tour operators/guides and tourism experts. The objectives were to (i) identify tourist attractions and facilities available at Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel as tourist stopovers that aid in satisfaction, (ii) assess the positive contributions of stop-overs to tourist satisfaction at Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel and (iii) identify challenges that hinder stop-overs (Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel) to satisfy tourists and make recommendations. Interview schedules and documentary review were used to collect data. Interview schedule questionnaires were administered to the key informants including tourists, tour operators/guides and tourism experts. Research revealed that the most popular attractions at Igongo Cultural Centre are the Museum, the 1500AD Solar Eclipse Monument, the Mayenje cow monument, the cultural village and dance, cultural foods and drinks and craft and book shop. Similarly, the research reveals that accommodation, restaurant and bar, transport facilities, recreational facilities, conference and swimming pool facilities as the major facilities contributing to customer’s smile at Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel. The research also revealed that Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel contributes to rest and relaxation of tourists after long distances of travel, it also shows that these stop-overs gives full museum experience which cannot be found elsewhere. The research also showed that Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel gives total satisfaction a client expects, meets expectation and completes the trip of a tourist, adds experience after gorilla trekking experience, gives tourists knowledge about western Uganda cultures and helps tourists to experience hospitable people of Uganda freely and also to interact freely with other tourists which is difficult in the national parks. The research also revealed that Igongo Cultural Centre faces challenges which are majorly, language barriers as most staff members use local language and most know only English among international languages, there is also delay of service delivery, flooding in the compound and noise that comes from the Mbarara town especially for the case of Agip Motel. The stop-overs have been seen to have challenges of limited parking space, underdeveloped attractions, facilities and services, inaccessibility by the disabled clients, unskilled staff, congestion especially during peak season and limited time for stop-overs among the tour guides and tourists. The researcher recommends that Igongo Cultural Centre and Agip Motel to employ multilingual employees, professional and skilled, train their staff to ensure freshness of their skills, develop their attractions, facilities and services to meet the customer expectation, brand themselves and market rapidly if they are to take another step in developing as a major stopover in Uganda, dig trenches to divert floods, install sound proof to control noise pollution problem and that they should as well install ramps to help disabled clients especially those ones with mobility challenges to access the facilities and set moderate prices to encourage tourists and tour guides to visit this area.
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    Opportunities and challenges of developing tourism in Uganda: A case study of Buvuma Island
    (Makerere University, 2018) Gumisiriza, Amuson Yosam
    This study was carried out in Buvuma island Buvuma District to assess the opportunities and challenges of developing tourism in Uganda. The research was guided by objectives which included identifying the actual and potential tourism resources at Buvuma Island in Uganda, examine the tourism opportunities that can be developed at Buvuma Island and to establish the challenges limiting the development of tourism at Buvuma Island. Various research methods were employed including questionnaires administered to both local residents since they were the key beneficiaries. Interviews were conducted with local officials like District like Local council chairpersons, District Community Development Officer among others because they were the key informants and possessed vital information related to the study. Personal observation was also used as a basis to capture information that would not covered by two methods. 40 respondents were randomly selected and data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The results revealed that there were actual tourism resources available in Buvuma Island which includes Lakes like Lake Victoria, hills, caves and stones, local culture, wild animals among others as on the other hand the respondents further identified potential tourist resources and attractions as re varied ranging from forests like Nyabingo forest , boat cruise at lake Victoria accommodation and water spots and birding as the main potential tourism resources found at Buvuma island. Results further revealed that these tourism resources have led to the development of different tourism opportunities which include; employment in tourism related enterprises, supply of goods such as food products and sell of souvenirs like crafts to the tourists, income. Infrastructure development and improved conservation awareness among others. However challenges like limited funds, lack of tourism awareness, poor infrastructure , lack of community participation were hindering the development of tourism at Buvuma island the study recommended that aggressive marketing campaign should be done by both government and private tourism operators to promote Buvuma and that Uganda Tourism board should organize both tourism workshops and seminars in order to equip local community with enough knowledge and skills to use the available tourism opportunities on Buvuma Island.
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    Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers on infant and young child feeding in Sheema Municipal Council, Sheema District: A case study of Rwamujojo ward
    (Makerere University, 2018) Atukwatse, Charity
    Malnutrition is a serious challenge in infants (<6 months) and young children (6–23 months) in Sheema district in Uganda. It is a serious problem among this age group. The main contributing factors to this problem are the lack of knowledge by the mothers on proper children nutrition. The study assessed knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers towards proper nutrition among the infant (<6 months) and young child (0-23 months of age) in Rwamujojo ward, Sheema Municipality Sheema district. A cross- sectional study design was used to collect both the qualitative and quantitative data using structured interviews with a designed questionnaire as a guide. Three focus group discussions were conducted with mothers that had consented during the postnatal hospital review visits and immunization. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and chi-square test was used to test for the significance (p≤ 0.05). The results were presented in form of tables and graphs using frequencies and percentages. A total of 316 participants were recruited for the study of which 200 (63.3%) mothers were interviewed and 116 (36.7%) mothers participated in focus group discussion. Majority of the participants (75%) were <19 years of age. The findings showed that 82.0% of the mothers knew that the first feed for the child is breast milk. Out of the (82.0%), 20.2%, introduced other feeds by the second month and 55.2% introduced them during the third and fourth month of age. About 85.0% of the mothers, initiated breastfeeding after one-hour of delivery contrary to the recommended practice of within the first hour by Ministry of Health. Results from the 24-hour recall, showed that housewives fed their children on more classes of complementary food compared to the business women and casual worker mothers whose children were fed only carbohydrates (grains and tubers). Also, the mothers whose husbands were businessmen and farmers served their children more diverse complimentary foods. However, mothers (78%) had a negative attitude on diversifying complementary food believing that feeding children with many different classes of foods can cause abdominal pain and discomfort. Generally, the findings show that majority of the mothers were very young and had knowledge of best feeding practices of the infants (<6 months) and young children (6–23 months) but the nutritional practices and attitude were lacking among the mothers.
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    Evaluation of irrigation scheduling at Mubuku Irrigation Scheme
    (Makerere University, 2018) Ngabirano, Ambrose
    This research was to evaluate irrigation scheduling at Mubuku settlement irrigation scheme. The rehabilitation of the scheme resulted into the modification of the water delivery systems with improved water conveyance efficiency. Farmers’ current irrigation practice and methods are based on the rated water flows and design data at the time of schemes establishment. All this required to assess the compatibility and suitability of the current irrigation practice/method at the scheme in relation to the new irrigation infrastructures. It was achieved by determining current water application practices, assessing the suitability of the current irrigation schedule and developing a suitable irrigation schedule for the scheme. This research was called out on the divisions 8, 10 and 12 on phase (ii) of the scheme. Calibration of the main canal and secondary canals was done in order to determine their conveyance capacities which involved measuring their cross-section areas and flow velocities using tape measure and flow meter respectively. The climate data for the scheme was generated using climwat software. The crop water requirements were generated using CropWat software. The planting dates were proposed as 18th February and 18th August for the two seasons since most of the farmers plant their seedlings in periods close to those dates. Water performance indicators i.e. water productivity, equity and adequacy were used to access the suitability of the schedule. The current schedules were found to be unfair to the farmers because much water was supplied to the crops in upper fields compared to those located downstream. Farmers in division 8 and 10 irrigate for three hours with a discharge flow of 104 l/s and 96.2 l/s where as farmers in division 12 irrigate once a week for 7 hours with a discharge of 53.2 l/s. Crops in division 8 were receiving excess water which was wasted as run off where as in division 12, they received less water as expected. The water supplied was not meeting the crop water irrigation demands which resulted to water stress. The water application practices was found to be poor in addition to the un-fair schedule. The field ditches were to be large and located at lower elevation points. The proposed schedules will be able to save 30.52 million litres of water for the 3 holdings under study if implemented. This would approximate to 305.2 million litres of water if the schedules were designed for all 30 holdings on phase ii. This amount of water can irrigate 6 holdings of un-irrigated land without extracting water from river Sebwe. This will result to increased crop production since water will be applied to meet crop water demands.
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    The level of adoption of agroforestry in Mafubira Sub-County Jinja District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Muzira, Carl Roy
    The main objectives of this study were to identify the agroforestry practices implemented by people in Mafubira sub county in Jinja district, to describe the benefits derived from agroforestry and challenges faced after implementation of agroforestry. To achieve these objectives three villages in Mafubira sub county were selected as the sites for the study because they are more accessible and have more farmers in the sub county. This research is descriptive study using quantitative cross sectional design (that is respondents were examined once and at a single point in time) which is necessary for obtaining numerical data. Primary data was collected using a survey questionnaire consisting of structured questions. Closed ended and Likert scales questions were employed and the questionnaire was divided into four sections. Various respondents were drawn from the three villages depending on the number of households. SPSS software was used to process the data extracted from the questionnaires after being carefully sorted and coded and the results were displayed in tables and percentages. This study revealed that: Some farmers in Mafubira sub county were aware and practicing some agroforestry practices majorly being Agrisilviculture. The highest percentage of those implementing agroforestry were having improved and reliable sources of food and also an extra source of income. The major challenge they were facing was that the animals destroy crops and trees at a tender stage and also the long tree gestation period. Findings from this study will provide information to policy makers, local leaders and local farmers on the awareness and benefits of implementing agroforestry.
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    A study on maize production and profitability in Buhimba Sub-County Hoima District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Tumwesige, Gilbert
    The study was to assess the productivity and profitability of maize production in Buhimba sub-county Hoima district. Well-designed questionnaires were used to collect data from 80 maize farmers. The respondents were selected by random sampling so as to avoid bias in the study. These data were coded and entered into SPSS (version 16.0) computer software for analysis. Results of this study show that out of the 80 farmers, majority (57.5%) of farmers were males while only 42.5% were females. Analysis of the marital status showed that (70%) of them were married, singles, (21.25%) and only 8.75% were separated. This means that most people who were married engaged themselves maize production probably due to the fact they have responsibilities and families to take care of as compared to single and separated people. The average gross margin is 160,034.98Uganda shillings implying that the profitability in maize enterprises is still low due to the various factors that influence the level of maize production like education level, experience and also extension services maybe lacking hence the low average gross margin between the respondents. Household size, experience, distance to the market, size of land under maize production and access to credit had a significant effect on the quantity of maize produced by farmers. The major problem the farmers are facing during production is the pest and disease prevalence which has a frequency of 47 and 87% of the respondents mentioned it as their first challenge. Then too much sunshine that can possibly lead to scorching of the plants had a frequency of 35 and 64.8% of the respondents saying it’s one of the challenges that is had to control because it’s natural. Based on the results the study recommend the government of Uganda and other relevant authorities targeting agricultural development and food security focusing on smallholder maize production and marketing with the aim of improving the welfare of the farmers out to adopt recommendations such as improving on the maize marketing system especially the pricing to improve the profitability of the crop in the smallholder farmers and ultimately luring more farmers to cultivate the staple crop. The study recommends the government to recapitalize the grain marketing institution, to improve its operations.
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    Development of flavored amaranth juice
    (Makerere University, 2018) Luganda, Dennis Kizito
    Red amaranth is a crop with a rich nutritional profile. It is rich in vitamin C, proteins, iron, folic acid and polyphenols that possess antioxidant activity. Red amaranth plays a big role in preventing cardiovascular diseases, various cancers, iron deficient anemia and also lowers the blood cholesterol levels. However present studies indicate that red amaranth is faced with high postharvest losses (>30%) during the peak season and this is basically attributed to the perishable nature of the crop. The major objective of this study was to develop a vegetable juice from red amaranth. Four products with different flavors were developed namely: unflavored amaranth juice, ginger flavored amaranth juice, vanilla flavored amaranth juice and strawberry amaranth juice. The samples were evaluated for overall consumer acceptability using untrained panelists (n = 40). The nutritional quality (protein, fiber, iron) and antioxidant activity of the most acceptable formulation and that of the control sample were determined using standard methods. Shelf stability was also determined by evaluating changes in sensory acceptability, titratable acidity, pH, color and vitamin C of samples stored at 4 0C for 2 weeks. Ginger flavored amaranth juice was the most liked with an overall acceptability of 7.5 while the unflavored flavored amaranth juice was the least liked with an overall acceptability of 5.4 on a nine point hedonic scale. However, since the overall acceptability of the juices was above 5 (neither like nor dislike) they were both acceptable. The protein, fiber, iron and antioxidant capacity of the amaranth juice ranged between 0.96-1.20%, 1.25-1.37%, 0.19-0.27 mg/100 ml and 44.61-37.61mg/100ml equivalent vitamin C, respectively. Ginger flavored amaranth juice had a significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant activity. Ginger flavored amaranth juice had higher total titratable acid (TTA) and pH (0.35%, 4.12) compared to the unflavored amaranth juice (0.25%, 4.14).The vitamin C content (10.32mg/100ml) was the same for both the ginger flavored and unflavored amaranth juice while the colour intensity absorbance varied between 6.32-6.09nm at 538nm reading. There were no significant changes in pH, acidity and color of the juice stored for two weeks and both samples received acceptability scores greater than 5 (neither like nor dislike). It is therefore possible to produce an acceptable antioxidant rich ginger flavored amaranth juice.
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    Evaluation of labour productivity in timber harvesting operations: A case study of Namwasa plantation, Mubende District
    ( 2018) Nanteza, Fiona
    Labour productivity is an important measure to gauge competiveness and efficiency particularly for firms in which the production process is relatively labour-intensive. In terms of labor productivity, previous studies focused on investigation of labor productivity trends over time at the industry-wide level. Systematic research has not been conducted to estimate such economic characteristics at the plantation level, yielding no consensus of labor productivity trends. This study is designed to evaluate the labour productivity in timber harvesting at Namwasa plantation. Its objectives are assessing the performance of labour in timber harvesting, examining the challenges to labour productivity and establishing ways to improve labour productivity at Namwasa plantation. For achieving this, a cross sectional study is conducted and data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, field observations and checklist as well as time studies for all the timber harvesting operations carried out at the plantation. Statistical analysis is used to compute the results. Labor productivity averaged 5.255m3/hr for cross cutting, sorting and grading, 5.214m3/hr for skidding, 5.107m3/hr for tree felling, 5.077m3/hr for de-branching and de-topping and 4.93m3/hr for transportation. Skills and education, tools and equipment, working conditions and training are the main factors influencing labour productivity. The major limitations to labour productivity are poor communication, delayed supply of tools and equipment, poor feeding and machine breakdowns. The results mainly suggest improved communication, improved feeding, motivation, provision and maintenance of tools to improve labor productivity. The study recommends that further studies on labour productivity should be carried out at Namwasa plantation to provide more baseline information in order to monitor productivity trends on the plantation.
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    Assessment of NPK, poultry manure and organo-yield biochar on productivity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kato, Peter
    The nature and characteristics of nutrient release of inorganic and organic fertilizers are different, and consequently, each type of fertilizer has its influence on crop growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted at NaCRRI, Namulonge to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) productivity. There were four treatments namely; NPK (17:17:17), organo-yield biochar, poultry manure, and control with three replications. The experiment was based on the hypothesis that the use of organo-yield biochar leads to higher yields compared to that of NPK and poultry manure in cabbage. Various growth parameters were assessed at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) and yield parameters were assessed once at harvest. Results showed that generally fertilizer application increased the growth and yield of cabbage significantly compared to the control. At 20 and 40 DAT, the highest plant leaf number was observed in organo-yield and poultry manure respectively. NPK had the highest values of rosette diameter and plant height at both 40 and 60 DAT while the lowest values were observed in control. Stem height did not significantly vary amongst the treatments. Poultry manure had the highest leaf appearance rate from 20 to 40 DAT and the lowest observed in control. Control took the longest time to form heads. NPK showed a superior effect on the head traits and closely followed by organo-yield while the lowest observed in control. The marketable weight did not significantly vary amongst the treatments. The use of organo-yield biochar can be recommended to cabbage growers of Uganda. More research is needed to investigate the effect of organo-yield biochar for more than one growing season on different cabbage varieties and also the effect of combining organo-yield biochar with inorganic fertilizers on productivity of different vegetables.
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    The potential of Fort-Portal Municipality and its environs to tourism development in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018) Kebirungi, Monica
    The Tourism potential of a destination is significantly influenced by its resources and facilities. The attractions and facilities play a significant role in enhancing travel and image. This report focused on the assessment of tourism potential of Fort Portal Municipality and its environs. The data was collected from 2017-2018 using as interviews, questionnaires, direct observation and literature by other scholars. The findings of the study indicated that the Municipality and its environs has great tourism potential which included attractions such as natural, historical, religious, and cultural among others, facilities such as roads, accommodation, health centers, sport centers, markets among others. The study generated an itinerary that can be considered by travel managers which showed the attractions, their location, and suggested activities that can be engaged in by tourists. It is recommended that to boost tourism development, a tourism information center and a tourism office at the municipality level should be established. The local government should aggressively advertise the Municipality as a major tourist destination so as to attract investors.
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    Influence of automated teller machines on clients satisfaction: A case study of selected banks in Bwaise Sub-County, Kawempe Division, Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2018) Muyambi, Godwin
    The automated teller machines are becoming trendy because of the associated benefits such as convenience as a result of less paper work, reduced fees and privacy in banking. However, people using automated teller machines as a conduit of service continue to face challenges such as queuing for long on automated teller machine points, inability to question the machine and lack of training on how to use the machine. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of automated teller machines on clients’ satisfaction, a case study of selected banks in Makerere university-Bwaise sub county- Kampala district. This research was guided by three objectives: to find out the factors that influence level of satisfaction, to find out the benefits of using automated teller machines and to find out the challenges facing clients using automated teller machines. The study was conducted at centenary rural development bank-Makerere branch, Post bank Uganda Limited –Makerere branch and Stanbic bank-Makerere branch. The study used convenience sampling design because the respondents happened to be in the right place and right time. Clients of the selected banks formed the study population. The study revealed that majority of the clients associated convenience with 80% as the major benefit from usage of automated teller machines. Convenience takes the form of location at various onset and offset premises of banks. The factors that influence level of satisfaction with usage of automated teller machine are convenience, reduced card fees and privacy in banking. Also most clients using automated teller machines faced a challenge of retention of the card by the machine (59.8%) and queuing for long on automated teller machines. This is attributed to lack of guidance on how to use the machine. It is recommended that banks should give basic training on how to use the automated teller machine to cater for those who did not go to higher levels of education to increase their awareness about usage of automated teller machines. An increased level of education is associated with increased satisfaction with usage of automated teller machines since the elites prefer privacy in banking. The network for E-banking should also be improved so as to address the challenge of queuing for long on automated teller machine points. More so there should be allocation of more automated teller machines in different locations to address the challenge of queuing for long on automated teller machine locations.
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    Determinants of youth participation in tomato production and marketing in Mukono District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mutumba, Robert Ssebuliba
    This study sought to establish the determinants of youth participation in tomato production and marketing in Mukono district, Uganda. It was guided by the following objectives: To assess the influence of productivity, socio-economic and institutional factors on youth participation in tomato production and marketing in Mukono district. The purpose of the study is therefore to assess and document the most important socio-economic and institutional factors that influence tomato production, and marketing in Mukono district. In addition to this, it would commit the government to fulfilling its national obligations in development of the youth in relation to the National development plan, the Uganda constitution and Vision 2040. This study employed a descriptive survey design, as it is focused on collecting data to explore, find out and explain the determinants of youth participation in tomato production and marketing in Mukono district. The sample size of this study was 50 respondents. Primary data was collected by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. The study found that economic factors such as inadequate land limited youth participation in tomato production and marketing in Mukono district. Further, majority of the youth indicated that they participated in production due to drop out of school. Access to credit had minimal effects on youth participation. The study recommends that the local government should assist in creating ready markets and facilitating linkages to other markets, for agricultural produce, this will encourage the youth to participate in farming activities since they are assured of making sales and increasing their profits which will contribute to employment, improved income and household food security.
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    Vulnerability assessment and cost benefit analysis of climate change adaptation in Nakasongola and Isingiro Districts
    (Makerere University, 2018) Akatukwatsa, Allan
    The impacts of climate change are important factors in understanding how the Water, Environment and Agriculture sectors are vulnerable to these climate variables and how the affected areas adopt to them. The aim of the study was to investigate the vulnerability assessment and cost benefit analysis (CBA) of climate change adaptation in Nakasongola and Isingiro districts. The study was done using already existing literature, meeting district officials, and also using focus discussion groups the data that was acquired from a vulnerability assessment was integrated into a Cost Benefit Analysis to weigh the costs and benefits of proposed adoption options to choose the most practical and affordable options for the farmers to adopt and among these options are; improved maize varieties, cover crops, improved cassava varieties, improved bean varieties, zero grazing livestock production, water harvesting, and low cost drip irrigation system. These options have a cost benefit ratio that is above 1 (one) which makes them economically viable for the farmers to adopt. The results show that a few farmers have adapted to these options majorly because most farmers in these districts are lacking knowledge about them and about climate change itself, others lack finances to invest in these adoption options while others are not willing to adapt to them due to their behavioral and cultural beliefs. This therefore implies that Government of Uganda through the Water, Environment and Agriculture sectors should educate farmers about climate change and its impacts and how to mitigate against it and encourage farmers’ cooperatives and provide finances to the farmers to take up the proposed adaption options.
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    The contribution of Tororo Rock towards tourism development in Tororo municipality, Tororo District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mukade, Bena
    This study aimed at assessing the extent to which Tororo Rock has contributed towards tourism development in Tororo municipality, Tororo District. The specific objectives of the study were: To examine the contribution of tourism towards development in Tororo District; to find out challenges to development of Tourism in Tororo District and to identify the tourism facilities and services around Tororo rock. This study used a sample of 50 participants from Tororo District including 15 tourists, 25 local people and 10 administrators. The study adopted a descriptive research design involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. Using two data collection techniques of questionnaires and interviews, the researcher collected data about the contribution of Tororo Rock towards tourism development in Tororo municipality, Tororo District using questionnaires as the main research instruments. The study revealed that the rock contributes a lot to tourism development in Tororo District. It helps in the development of infrastructure, provides market to products in the community; it provides employment opportunities to the community, helps to open new business in the area, impacts on Balance of Payment, reduction of poverty, it leads to development of tourism destinations. The researcher concluded by establishing recommendations to the government and local people which included tourism diversification, using good marketing techniques to market the rocks, organizing tour packages for the local population at affordable prices, local population should be sensitized about conservation of resources to achieve sustainable tourism, Investment and financing should be emphasized to develop and promote quality, Tourism businesses should carry out competitor analysis, the government should set up strict laws on local people quarrying in the rocks, Tourism destinations should be given financial assistance from the Ministry of Tourism, wildlife and antiquities and NGOs and more training in form of seminars and workshops is needed.
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    Determinants of market participation among indigenous chicken farmers in Vurra Sub County, Arua District
    (Makerere University, 2018) Mandera, Winfred Wadiyo
    Market participation is very vital for sustaining economic growth, food security and poverty alleviation. The increased consumption of indigenous chicken eggs and meat due to their taste, flavor and health benefits in the recent years has raised the demand for local chicken increasing market opportunities, However, indigenous chicken keeping households are not market-oriented. The study was undertaken to determine factors influencing market participation among indigenous chicken farmers in Vurra sub county, Arua district. The study was guided by the following objectives; to categorize indigenous chicken keeping households, to assess the factors influencing market participation of indigenous chicken farmers and to assess the challenges facing indigenous chicken production. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 80 indigenous chicken keeping households in the four parishes of Ringili, Eruba, Ajono and Kuluva in Vurra Sub County. Data was collected using detailed questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS (Version 16) and STATA (Version 14) through descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize indigenous chicken keeping households and assess the challenges faced in indigenous chicken production. A logistic regression model was used to assess the factors influencing market participation of indigenous chicken farmers. The study results revealed that majority of the indigenous chicken keeping households participate in indigenous chicken marketing but at low levels of market participation indicating average indigenous chicken sales by households this year and last year at approximately 4.8 and 10.6 chicken respectively. The results of the logistic regression model indicate that sex of the household head, age of the household head significant at 5% and 1% level respectively have a positive influence on market participation of indigenous chicken farmers and household size, access to credit, distance to market, all at 5% level of significance have a negative influence on market participation of indigenous chicken farmers. The study recommends establishment of platforms that link producers to the consumers, this is helpful to the youth with less market-related connections to easily get market and promote their participation in indigenous chicken marketing and establishment of nearby chicken markets in every village so as to reduce transaction and transportation costs to further markets, this will increase market participation of indigenous chicken farmers.
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    Consumption of fermented foods among Makerere University students aged 18-25 years in Wandegeya, Kampala
    ( 2018) Namakula, Shakira
    Background: The aim of the study was to determine the consumption of fermented foods among Makerere University students aged (18-25) years in Wandegeya, Kampala. Method: A cross sectional study design was conducted to collect information regarding fermented food consumption among students of Makerere University in Wandegeya, Kampala. The data collection tools included a structured questionnaire and a 24-hour recall using face to face interviews, to collect information on fermented food consumption. The respondents were asked their demographic characteristics, their physical activity level, the number of times they consume a previously listed number of fermented foods and their attitudes towards fermented food consumption and the food they have consumed in the 24 hours prior to the interview. This was done to establish the consumption rates of fermented foods among the adults and the factors that contribute to high and low consumption of fermented food consumption among the young adults in Wandegeya. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Results: The results showed that there was a significant association between fermented food consumption and the following factors that hinder fermented food consumption with (p<0.05) such as Taste preference (p=0.000), Mouth problems (p=0.026), Occupation (p=0.021), Marital status (p=0.039) and History of Diabetes (p=0.038). Conclusion: The current study has revealed that there is a poor consumption of fermented foods. Therefore, awareness on nutrition and health importance of fermented foods should be embarked on to improve consumer consumption of fermented foods in order to attain better nutrition status later on in life.