Academic submissions (CAES)

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https://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/4081

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    Adoption and profitability of upland rice production in Busakira Sub-County Mayuge District
    (Makerere University, 2019-01-07) Kibeesi, Ayubu
    The purpose of the study was to analyze the level of adoption and profitability of upland rice production, Busakira sub-county Mayuge district. The study was based on level of adoption and profitability of upland rice production and it looks at; (i). To determine the socio-economic characteristics of both adopters and non-adopters of upland rice. (ii). To identify major constraints /challenges affecting upland rice adoption. (iii). To determine the profitability of upland rice production. (iv). To determine the adoption level and factors that influence adoption of upland rice by farmers. This was a descriptive study. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires from 60 respondents which involved both adopters and non-adopters. Secondary data were got through publications, journals and text books. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver16). Probit model, frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, average gross margin and net profit were used to achieve the objectives. From the study, the age distribution shows that majority of the adopters fall in category of active age 31-35 years (37.5%) and pointed out that majority of the adopters were men as compared to women do to difference in access and control to productive resources. The results showed that ownership of land, Level of education and Marital status were the key factors that more likely influenced farmers’ decision to adopt upland rice production at 5% and 10% respectively. The study revealed reasons for adoption of upland rice which included; (i). Easier to manage, (ii). Availability of ready market, (iii). Expected high yields. The most prominent ones included; pest and disease tolerance, easier to manage and Availability of ready market. On the other hand, the study also revealed the reasons for non-adoption of upland rice such as Expensive upland seeds, limited land and limited capital to purchase inputs among others. The study also revealed that the average quantity of rice is 861 per acre, average price for rice is 1843 per kilogram, average total cost of upland rice production is 614211 per acre and the total average gross margin calculated 1088700 per acre. However, the study also revealed the major problems affecting upland rice production as Pests and diseases, High cost of inputs, Birds and rats, Drought, Unavailability of rice among others. The study recommends that the government should address constraints in upland rice production, marketing and policies that would promote wider upland rice use in the agro-based industry that would stimulate demand for rice hence boosting overall upland rice production and adoption of high yielding improving production.
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    Adoption of alternative crops as a means of mitigating crop loss to wildlife around Dudongo forest reserve, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2018-07) Apita, Daniel Ol
    Crop-raiding by wildlife remains one of the most challenging issues to conservation practitioners and farmers at the edge of forest reserves. Most households living along the edge of forests inhabited by wildlife have witnessed incidences of crop raiding. Around some protected areas like Budongo Forest Reserve, crop-raiding has resulted into loss of up to 20% of household income and thus resulting into serious human-protected area conflict. In order for peaceful coexistence between community-protected areas, it requires right crop-raiding mitigation measures. This study aimed at examining adoption levels and farmers’ perceptions towards alternative crops around Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda as a means of mitigating crop loss to wildlife to ensure peaceful co-existence of the local communities and the wildlife. The objectives of this study were; to assess adoption levels of alternative crops around Budongo Forest Reserve, to identify factors that influence adoption and perception towards alternative crops and finally to determine farmer’s perceptions and attitudes towards alternative crops around Budongo forest reserve. A total of 120 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. A descriptive survey was carried out with the household heads and a structured questionnaire was then administered to the respondents during the survey. Cabbage, Rice, Soya beans had the highest adoption levels. Alternative crops such as Water melon and Carrots have no adoption levels. Farmers belonging to social group and making decisions jointly within the household were the major socio-economic factors that significantly influenced adoption of alternative crops Generally, the farmers around Budongo Forest Reserve have a positive attitude and perception towards alternative crops. However, land size and farmers occupation are the socio-economic factors that significantly influenced farmers attitude and perception positively towards alternative crops. 23.3% of the farmers choose alternative crops because they are less susceptible to wildlife crop raiders, it’s from this view that the study concludes firmly that growing alternative crops mitigates crop raiding.
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    Adoption of improved cooks in Akokoro Sub County Apac District
    Odoch, Fedeliy
    Adopters of improved cook stove technologies (ICS) argue that the use of these technologies offers several benefits such as improved health, fuel saving, reduction in greenhouse gases emissions among others. Many of the studies exploring the use of improved cook stoves reveal a strong pro-diffusion bias towards these benefits, and few studies have investigated the adoption and use of ICS from the adopter’s point of view. This quantitative case study therefore attempted to understand the perceived factors that explicitly or implicitly influence the adoption (or not) of Improved cook stoves at household level by listening to potential ICS users. From the study, it was evident that adoption and sustained use of cook stoves is complex and it necessities consideration of a wide range of factors which mutually the influence house hold decision to adopt (or not) an improved cook stove. Consequently, this study emphasized the need for those promoting ICS to have a deeper understanding of the context in which potential adopters are part, and gain insight into the complex factors that govern behavior and provide a basis for doing things in a certain way, in order to ensure adoption and sustained use of ICSs and thereby realize it’s associated long term benefits. From the result its clearly shows that many people were aware about ICS (72.50%) of the respondents and there was only two type of ICS that are being promoted and adopted by the local people of Akokoro Sub County and it include Okello Kuc and Rocket stoves types, with Okello Kuc with the highest percentages of adoption (53%) and rocket stove with (47%). The results also revealed different factors that determines the choices of a particular stove such cooking ability, fuel saving, durability and portability and it also revealed various factors that limits adoption of ICS such cost of improved cook stoves, lack of information about ICS and not available in the area
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    Agroforestry Practices and Community Livelihoods in Koro Sub County Omoro District
    (Makerere University, 2019-08-05) Okello, Dicken
    In Koro sub county agroforestry practices of agrisilvicultural, silvopastoral and apiculture are agroforestry practices that are practiced by the farmers is a promising alternative and is considers as one of the few options to lift farmers out of poverty and improve livelihood security. This study examined the potential benefits of agroforestry practices on livelihoods of farmers’ community of Koro Sub County using the data that were collected by farmers participatory research, and a farmers’ household survey of four representative villages in the Koro sub county. Farmers were assessed on agroforestry practices, attitude toward its and their potential benefits on livelihood of farmers’community in Koro Sub County example include increase food security from agroforestry practices helps improved their standard of living and income can maintain basic household needs, providing food security and fuel wood, and contributes to healthcare, housing and sanitation conditions, and meeting educational expenses.
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    Analysis of past and future precipitation extremes in Uganda’s climate
    (Makerere University, 2018) Abigaba, Claire
    Analyzing long term changes in precipitation extremes is of great importance to the welfare of human beings as well as the entire ecosystem. Increase in maximum number of consecutive wet days can lead to more and worse floods while high maximum number of consecutive dry days can pose a threat to the drought problem that greatly affects water sources and soil moisture. The occurrence of dry spells (consecutive dry days) within a rainfall season greatly affect agriculture and other sectors such as tourism and fisheries. This study addressed the past and future changes in extreme rainfall over Uganda using the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment model outputs for the two rainy seasons of March-May and September-November. The analysis was performed for two time periods: historical/past (1986-2015) and future(2021-2050). Downscaled data from CanESM for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 was used. The significance in the time series trend was tested using Mann-Kendall test and the results were analyzed using python software. The results indicated that there was no significant trend in historical time series for both consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days.The future trends were non-significant with very mixed spatial patterns of positive and negative trends. There were no significant trends in historical time series for both consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days for both rain seasons with constant number of consecutive wet days over most parts of the country. For September-November season, maximum number of consecutive dry days increased while number of consecutive wet days decreased. Projections show that maximum number of consecutive dry days will increase while number of consecutive wet days will decrease for most parts of the country but with no significant trends for both rain seasons.
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    Assessement of awareness and attitude of the community towards wetland conservation
    (Makerere University, 2018) Arineitwe, Derrick
    The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of community awareness and attitudes on wetland conservation in Rukiiri Sub-country, Ibanda district. The method used for data collection was interviews which were administered to 70 respondents of which 60 were local community members and 10 were local leaders and district officials to achieve all the objectives. Field observation and photography were also used as supplementary data collection efforts. The findings suggest that 84.3% of the respondents interviewed were aware of the services and functions provided by wetland while 15.7% were not aware. This indicates high level of awareness of wetland functions. This need for conservation of the wetland was supported by 82.6%, from both kyanguhanda and Katehe,75% from Rwobuhungye parish from shifting their activities from wetlands, 17.4% from kyanguhanda,25% from Rwobuhungye ,16.7% from Katehe parish were not willing to conserve the wetland despite its uses, values and benefits. Wetland reclamation was supported by 15.7% of respondents, 34.3%respondents did not support wetland reclamation while 50% of respondents didn’t mind about reclamation of wetlands. Concerning means through which information about wetland conservation received by people, 76% of respondents heard it on radios, 10% of respondents read it in newspapers, 4.3% of respondents heard it from local leaders, 10% of respondents saw it on televisions The study results show that awareness is still low, attitude is relatively positive though participation is low. The study therefore, concludes that environmental organisations and institutions are not effective since local communities revealed less awareness and there is low mass involvement into wetland conservation activitiesthus the research recommended that sensitization of the people about the wetland legislation, management and sustainable utilization should be undertaken ,alternative land should be looked for to ensure that people carrying out activities like brick laying and agriculture farming may shift from wetlands to these places transforming in wetland conservation as well as public participation should be enforced in order to punish the law breakers all the geared towards wetland conservation and management
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    Assessing Diversity and Cooperation among Tourism Enterprises around the Source of Nile, Jinja
    (Makerere University, 2019-09-27) Ishimwe, Rachel
    ABSTRACT The tourism enterprises allow various entrepreneurs or investors to use their capital, which is then invested in high yielding income generating entities such as tour companies, hotels, resorts, restaurants, gift shops among others. Returns from such investments are then distributed among the workers as salaries and investors as dividends. Due to the growing interest in tourism sector, this has created jobs to different people in Jinja as a tourism destination. If cooperation and diversity is enhanced among tourism enterprises will enable entrepreneurs to broaden their investment portfolios thus stimulating Uganda’s tourism sector. However, the critical concern at the moment is about evaluating the adoption of diversity and cooperation among tourism enterprises around the source of Nile, Jinja. Thus the broad objective of this study was to assess the diversity and cooperation among tourism enterprises among tourism enterprises, around the source of Nile, Jinja. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used during the data collection key process. The study population consisted of tourism entrepreneurs such as tour guides, hotel and restaurant operators, souvenir vendors among others. Using purposive sampling, 40 participants were selected to participate in the study and a combination of both questionnaires and face to face interviews were used to collect data. The study reveals that the majority of tourism enterprises around the source of Nile are hospitality related enterprises which shows that there is limited diversity and too much competition. Cooperation was found to have positive benefits if embraced among the tourism enterprises. The challenges to improve cooperation includes inadequate use of technology for marketing purposes which is not used by every enterprise. The study recommends that through cooperation There is a need for each of enterprise owner to implement the efficient marketing strategies for marketing and promotion of his/her products. Also should review and analyze the marketing strategies frequently to locate effective marketing strategies according to their target markets. Therefore, as diversity among tourism enterprises leads to product development and service improvement is crucial to meet customers’ expectation and satisfaction.
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